1. The First Americans
CH 1, sec 1 and 5
Ch 2

3. Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica
Nomads -
Agricultural Revolution – 8,000 BC

4. By the time Europeans arrived in the Americas in 1492, there were around 54 million people in the two American continents

5. 3 Major Civilizations

6. The Mayans – ad s

7. The Aztec ad. 1200s – 1500s

8. The Inca ad – 1500s

9. The Earliest North Americans

10. The Mound Builders of the Ohio River valley

11. The Mississippian Culture
Cahokia

12. The Anasazi

13. The Iroquois Confederacy

14. Ch 1 Sec 5 European Explorers
The first Europeans to arrive in the Americas were the Norse, or Vikings
Leif Ericsson and 35 others explored the coast of Newfoundland in A.D. 1001
Their attempts for permanent settlement failed

15. Christopher Columbus wanted to sail across the Atlantic in an effort to get to India in the mid-1400s
Columbus was driven by the rediscovery of the work of a Greek astronomer named Claudius Ptolemy who drew maps of a round world.

16. Ptolemy’s work was rediscovered through the Renaissance or rebirth of culture and the return to classical learning in Europe.
The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther, opened interest in Europe to the rest of the world

17. Europeans fell in love with the silks
and spices from Asia
However the Crusades, holy wars won by the Muslims over Christians from Europe for control of the middle east, blocked trade

18. Columbus asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his expedition
Columbus and his three ships left Spain in August of 1492, and landed in the Bahamas, probably on what is today San Salvador

19. Columbus returned with gold, spices, parrots, and began the Columbian Exchange
Spain led the way for exploration in their search for God, Gold and Glory

20. Other Important Explorers
Leif Ericson – first European to reach Americas, Viking
Marco Polo – Explored Asia and brought back goods for Europeans
Hernan Cortes – Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs
John Cabot – First English explorer in America
Amerigo Vespucci – Realized new world and named after him
Ponce De Leon – Claimed Florida for Spain, Fountain of Youth
Ferdinand Magellan – Circumnavigated the world
Giovanni Da Verrazano – Frenchman who claimed northeast coast for France
Hernando Desoto – Explored and claimed the future U.S. Southeast for Spain
Francisco Coronado - Explored and claimed the future U.S. Southwest for Spain, 7 cities of gold

21. 13 Colonies Art Project
Draw all 13 original colonies, separated by regions
Write in each the who, when, why/how it was started
Color
This information comes from Ch 2 sections 3 and 4

22. English Colonies in America
At the time of exploration there were many changes going on in England
There were three major things that drove English colonization in the Americas
King Henry VII had just created the Anglican Church

23. Some wanted the Anglican church similar to the catholic church just not under the pope
Others wanted to “purify” the church of Catholic elements, while others wanted to “separate” from both churches
In 1620 the one group of separatist known as the pilgrims settled in Plymouth under William Bradford

24. The economy in England also affected American colonization
English landowners began to realize the price for wool in Europe was greatly rising
So they converted their lands to sheep farms, making many tenant farmers homeless and jobless

25. This became known as the enclosure movement
Also many of these merchants needed new markets for their wool so they formed Joint-stock companies to try to help set up colonies

26. Military conflict with Spain also aided settlement by the English
Sr. Walter Raleigh set up the first English colony in the Americas known as Roanoke, however it wouldn’t last
He named the land Virginia in honor of the queen

27. Journal - Tues, Aug. 23
Yesterday, we decided what it would take to leave our homes. Today we are going to start our own colony.
* What groups of people would be welcome?
* What would your government/laws be like?
* What would the name of your colony be?
* How would your colony try to make money?
Answer these questions and give any other important, legal, and appropriate info for your colony

28. Jamestown was settled in 1606 by a charter from the Virginia Company, under the leadership of John Smith
Despite early struggles, mostly with Native Americans, the colony lasted, mostly thanks to John Rolfe and his cultivation of tobacco

29. The colony was governed by the Virginia House of Burgesses which was the first representative government in the colonies   
Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel

30. Other Colonies and Their Founders
Maryland – Lord Baltimore, for Catholics to have freedom to worship
Massachusetts – John Winthrop, a refuge for puritans
Rhode Island – Roger Williams, for government with no authority in religious matters, he was a separatist

31. Connecticut – Thomas Hooker, they adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the colonies
New Hampshire – was started by a royal charter due to overcrowding in Massachusetts. Maine was as well but later was bought back by Massachusetts

32. New York and New Jersey – originally founded by Henry Hudson for the Dutch but King Charles sent his brother James to take it for England
Pennsylvania and Delaware– William Penn, refuge for Quakers, love and pacifism for all

33. North and South Carolina – King Charles gave this land to his political allies, mostly for farming
Georgia – James Oglethorpe, a place for poor English debtors to start over

34. THE END