1. Classification Notes

2. Taxonomy: the science of classification
Why do we need a system of classification?
Brings order
Logical means of naming organisms
Scientific names are understood globally
Common names are regional, not specific, and misleading (puma, cougar, mountain lion are the same animal)
(ringworm and mealworm are not worms)

3. Aristotle Divided organisms into 2 groups
Plants: classified them on the basis of structure and size
Animals: divided them on the basis of where they live

4. Polynomial System
A series of additional descriptive names added to the genus name
Example: the scientific name for a bee using the polynomial system: Apes pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliates

5. Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish botanist who developed a classification system based on structural features.

6. Seven taxa: Kingdom (largest category) Phylum Class Order Family Genus
Species (most specific)

7. Binomial Nomenclature
2 part naming system
Latin (language used)
Genus species (written in italics)
Genus: a noun; always capitalized; may be abbreviated by using the first letter

8. Determining Relationship
Structure
Biochemistry
Development
Phylogeny (evolutionary history)

9. Human Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primata
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens

10. Our Current System Recently changed to 6 kingdoms
The prokaryotic kingdom (Monera) was split into 2 kingdoms

11. The Six Kingdoms 1. Eubacteria
Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
Unicellular
Mainly heterotrophs
Reproduce through binary fission
Live in diverse environments
Ex: cyanobacteria, spirochetes

12. 2. Archaebacteria Prokaryotes Unicellular Mainly heterotrophs
Suited to extreme environments
Ex: halophiles

13. 3. Protista Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) Unicellular
Protozoans (animal-like; heterotrophs)
Algae (plant-like; autotrophs)
Reproduce sexually or asexually
Live in moist habitats
Ex: amoeba, euglena, diatom

14. 4. Fungi Eukaryotic Mostly multicellular
Saprophytes: obtain nutrients through absorption
Reproduce sexually and asexually
Most live in terrestrial habitats
Ex: mushrooms, yeast, puffballs

15. 5. Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophs
Most live in terrestrial habitats
Reproduce sexually and asexually
Ex: mosses, ferns, flowering plants

16. 6. Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs
Live in terrestrial and aquatic environments
Most reproduce sexually
Ex: worm, starfish, frog, snake, bird, dog