1. Pes Planus

2. Pes Planus
Pes planus is a condition where the arch or instep of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground. In some individuals, this arch never develops.

3. Predisposing Factors Mechanism of injury
Excessive pronation of the foot
Mechanism of injury
Can be a congenital problem
Fracture
Dislocation
Tarsal coalition
Tendon laceration
Arthritis
Neuroarthropathy
Neurological weakness
Iatrogeny
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Most common
Diabetes
Overweight
Excessive exercise
Wearing shoes too tight

4. Presentation Signs and symptoms Evaluation Possible abnormal gait Pain
Calcaneal eversion
Bulging of the navicular bone
Evaluation
If this is not congenital, x-rays to rule out mid foot fracture

5. Treatment NSAIDS Orthotics if the condition is causing pain
If there is no pain no treatment procedure should be used

6. Bibliography
Arnheim, Daniel. Principle in Athletic Training. 10th ED McGraw Hill. Boston pg
Booher, James and Gary A. Thibodeau. Athletic Injury Assessment. McGraw Hill: Boston, pg 284
Hunter, John, MD. “Pes Planus Outline”
Coady, Catherine, MD; Nina Gow, MD; William Stanish, MD “Foot Problems in Middle Aged Patients: Keeping Active People up to Speed” The Physician and Sports Medicine Vol 26 No 5, May
Hockenberry, R. Todd, MD. “Acquired Flatfoot”