1. American ethics and outdoor activities

2. There are 3 moral views in relation to American sport : Lombardi’s principle - Lombardi’s principle - Win at every opportunity Win at every opportunity A method that has been adopted by professional players A method that has been adopted by professional players Ideas that are in complete contrast to the ideas of sportsmanship Ideas that are in complete contrast to the ideas of sportsmanship

3. Radical Principle - Radical Principle - Noting that winning is important but not at all costs Noting that winning is important but not at all costs There is worth in the way an individual wins There is worth in the way an individual wins Also there’s an aspect of the development of the individual Also there’s an aspect of the development of the individual

4. Cross-culture Principle - Taking part is important Taking part is important It’s the process of making a good effort that’s important, not winning It’s the process of making a good effort that’s important, not winning The feature of challenge is acceptable The feature of challenge is acceptable Eco-sport Eco-sport

5. Leisure and mass sports American sport has not developed a sports club system as seen in Europe. American sport has not developed a sports club system as seen in Europe. Sport is aimed at schools, colleges and the professional system. Sport is aimed at schools, colleges and the professional system. Because of this American people have very few opportunities to participate in sport outside these circles. Because of this American people have very few opportunities to participate in sport outside these circles. Parks provide an opportunity to play softball, jog, rollerblade but there is very little provision from the public sector. Parks provide an opportunity to play softball, jog, rollerblade but there is very little provision from the public sector.

6. One exception to this is ‘Little League’ sports. One exception to this is ‘Little League’ sports. These are leagues aimed at children under 10, which provide an opportunity to play in a number of sports. These are leagues aimed at children under 10, which provide an opportunity to play in a number of sports. Pop Warner Football, Pee Wee Baseball, Biddy Basket Basketball are some examples of the sports. Pop Warner Football, Pee Wee Baseball, Biddy Basket Basketball are some examples of the sports. The teams are run by parents, and they follow the same structure as professional games, with leagues and ‘superbowls’ The teams are run by parents, and they follow the same structure as professional games, with leagues and ‘superbowls’

7. Again there is great emphasis on winning, this has raised a number of questions. Again there is great emphasis on winning, this has raised a number of questions. But most Americans think that it’s a good idea as it reinforces the American way of life. But most Americans think that it’s a good idea as it reinforces the American way of life.

8. Task What are the characteristics of a sports programme designed by adults? What are the characteristics of a sports programme designed by adults? And what problems are associated with this? And what problems are associated with this?

9. American ethics has changed from sport for all with increasing pressure from the media. American ethics has changed from sport for all with increasing pressure from the media. After leaving school/college, individuals do not continue with sport, apart from tennis and golf. After leaving school/college, individuals do not continue with sport, apart from tennis and golf. However, these are restricted to country clubs – expensive membership!!! However, these are restricted to country clubs – expensive membership!!! There has been an increase in health and fitness, but again the costs are high. There has been an increase in health and fitness, but again the costs are high.

10. Americans agree with the view that sport should be for life. Americans agree with the view that sport should be for life. In many areas sports are organised for many different ages e.g. ‘golden olympics’. In many areas sports are organised for many different ages e.g. ‘golden olympics’.

11. Frontiers have been a prominent part of American life. Frontiers have been a prominent part of American life. e.g. – the taming of the ‘Wild West’, crossing the Rockies and living in difficult environments. e.g. – the taming of the ‘Wild West’, crossing the Rockies and living in difficult environments. The ‘frontier spirit’ of the early immigrants has developed into the sports field with clubs being called the ‘Redskins’. The ‘frontier spirit’ of the early immigrants has developed into the sports field with clubs being called the ‘Redskins’.

12. The size and beauty of America have a big influence on its culture. The size and beauty of America have a big influence on its culture. The first country parks were created in America. The first country parks were created in America. They take pride in the ‘great outdoors’ and this is a reflection of the past. They take pride in the ‘great outdoors’ and this is a reflection of the past. American history is closely tied to the old days, with many of the country’s people yearning to go back to their ’ roots’. American history is closely tied to the old days, with many of the country’s people yearning to go back to their ’ roots’. There has been an increase in Dude ranches and ‘city slicker cowboys’ There has been an increase in Dude ranches and ‘city slicker cowboys’

13. Following the decentralised control of sport national and state parks became important. Following the decentralised control of sport national and state parks became important. But as the area is so wide there is a little central control to protect the public from attacks by bears. But as the area is so wide there is a little central control to protect the public from attacks by bears. The control of these areas has led to an increase in an idea called ‘eco sports’. The control of these areas has led to an increase in an idea called ‘eco sports’. Activities with a focus on nature. Activities with a focus on nature. Camping, hunting and fishing are a philosophy seen by many of the middle class – to develop the father-son relationship. Camping, hunting and fishing are a philosophy seen by many of the middle class – to develop the father-son relationship.

14. Summer Camps One feature unique to America is its summer camps, which are attended annually by children from 6-16 years old. One feature unique to America is its summer camps, which are attended annually by children from 6-16 years old. It’s a tradition in America for children to go to a camp where their parents and grandparents went. It’s a tradition in America for children to go to a camp where their parents and grandparents went. Though there are many different types of camp, there are many similarities : Though there are many different types of camp, there are many similarities :

15. They are residential camps and far away from towns and cities. They are residential camps and far away from towns and cities. There are excellent sports and leisure resources there. There are excellent sports and leisure resources there. They are held over a period of 6-8 weeks, with counsellors looking after them. They are held over a period of 6-8 weeks, with counsellors looking after them. The day is spent doing competitive activites and receiving coaching. The day is spent doing competitive activites and receiving coaching.

16. http://www.summercamps.com/ http://www.summercamps.com/ http://www.summercamps.com/

17. The highlight of the camp is the inter- camp competition called the ‘Colour War’ The highlight of the camp is the inter- camp competition called the ‘Colour War’ The camp is divided into 2, and there is a competition for 7 days. The camp is divided into 2, and there is a competition for 7 days.

18. Although every camp follows the same procedure as the above, some are specialist Although every camp follows the same procedure as the above, some are specialist e.g. football e.g. football Sports – which are often funded by big companies. Sports – which are often funded by big companies. Computer Computer Drama Drama ‘Fat camp’ ‘Fat camp’ ‘Band camp’ ‘Band camp’

19. A day at summer camp 7.15 Swimming/jogging - optional 7.45 Raising the flag and personal inspection 8.00 Breakfast then clean the cabin 9.30 Activity 1 10.30 Activity 2 11.45 Optional swimming 12.30Lunch 13.30Exercise 14.30 Afternoon activity 1 15.30 Afternoon activity 2 16.30 Free time 18.00Tea 19.00 Lowering the flag – special activities 21.00 First bell for the young children 22.00 Lights out for the older children

20. Task What are the different types of summer camps in the USA? What are the different types of summer camps in the USA?