1. Section 1: From Bull Run to Antietam
Chapter 11: The Civil War
Section 1: From Bull Run to Antietam

2. The First Battle of Bull Run
AKA Battle of Manassas
Lincoln ordered the Union headed by Gen. Irving McDowell into action
July 16- marched the poorly prepared army into VA
Manassas- important railroad junction

3. Opposed by PGT Beauregard
As the Union marched, there was a huge crowd of reporters, politicians, & other civilians
Beauregard was able to strengthen his army (11,000 men)

4. McDowell attacked on July 21st
South refused to give up
Led by Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Reinforced by more troops
Sides
35,000 troops on each side
Union 2,900 casualties Confederacy 2,000

5. More railroad tracks & factories Balanced economy
Preparing for War
North
More railroad tracks & factories
Balanced economy
More money in the bank
Functioning army/ government
2/3 of the population

6. South
Military colleges (officers)
Didn’t need to initiate military action to win the war
Fighting to preserve their way of life

7. Union Military Strategies
Lincoln ordered a naval blockade of the seceded states
Hoped to keep the south from shipping its cotton to Europe & prevent them from importing goods

8. Plan was to use troops & gunboats to gain control of the Mississippi & cut off the South
Named the Anaconda Plan
Confederate War Strategies
Prepare & wait (defensive war)
War of attrition

9. More successful for the north
Stopped exporting cotton
Sudden loss would cause Great Britain & France to help the south gain its independence
failed

10. Tactics & Technology Gun manufacturers
Bullet shaped ammo drifted less as it flew through the air
Rifling would make a fired bullet pick up spin (pg 384)
Hit targets 500 yards away
Artillery
Gunners fired shells & canisters

11. War in the west
General George McClellan was to build & command a new army
Led by General Ulysses S. Grant

12. Fort Henry & Donelson
Feb Grant advanced south along the Tennessee River
These forts were important water routes into the western Confed.
Feb. 6– Union gunboats pounded Ft Henry into surrender & a few days later Ft Donelson did too

13. The Battle of Shiloh
Late March, Grant advanced toward Corinth, Miss.
Opposed by Gen. Albert Johnston & 40,000 troops
Grant stopped at Pittsburg Landing waiting for more troops
Johnston decided to attack

14. April 6
Johnston’s forces surprised Grant
Fighting quickly spread along a battle line 6 miles long
End of first day, Union forces had been pushed back nearly into the Tennessee River

15. April 7th- Union reinforcement arrived overnight
Defeated the South
Casualties
Union 13,000/Confederacy 11,000 including Johnston
Bloodiest single battle- destroyed Northern hopes that war would soon be over

16. Action on the Mississippi
Naval squadron led by David Farragut forced the surrender of New Orleans
Took over Baton Rouge, Natchez (Miss.), & Memphis
Only ports left were Vicksburg (Miss) & Port Hudson (LA)
If the Union controls the Mississippi, Confederacy will be split

17. War in the East Union warships maintained the blockade of Virginia
Confederate secret weapon to fight the blockade
Ship resembling a floating barn
Cannon balls bounced off like rubber balls
Destroyed or damaged 3 Union ships

18. The Monitor & the Merrimack
South bolted iron plates to an old wooden steam ship (Merrimack)
Union’s wooden navy was no match
North learned of building ships with iron & Lincoln ordered some to be made

19. March 9
Monitor arrived off VA to confront the Merrimack
Neither ship was able to do much damage to the other
After several hours the Merrimack withdrew
Never met again

20. Confederates blew up the Merrimack
Monitor sank in a storm
In a single day, wooden navies became obsolete

21. The Peninsular Campaign
May 1862
McClellan landed near Norfolk trying to capture Richmond
Strengths- outstanding organizer, excellent strategy & well liked
Weakness- very cautious & never seemed ready to fight

22. Transported 100,000 troops to a peninsula southeast of Richmond
McClellan asked for more troops
Despite urging from Lincoln to act, he didn’t
Waited outside Yorktown for one month

23. May 31st South suddenly attacked
Battle of Seven Pines (Union victory)

24. The South Attacks
Jackson pretended to prepare for an attack on Washington
Lincoln cancelled the orders for McClellan’s additional troops to protect the capital

25. Jackson then joined Lee outside Richmond & attacked McClellan called the Seven Days’ Battle (Confederate Victory)

26. Second Battle of Bull Run
Gen. John Pope was put in overall command (north)
Lee divided his army & sent Jackson north in a sweeping movement around Pope’s position
Struck behind Pope’s army & destroyed supplies

27. Pope ordered an attack on Jackson while Lee attacked
Confederate victory & McClellan was returned to command

28. The Battle of Antietam
Lee decided to come up & invade the North
McClellan found Lee’s orders but he hesitated 16 hours before ordering his troops after Lee
Met near Sharpsburg, MD Sept 17
Confederates retreated after high losses