1. Section 3
The Punic Wars

2. 264 B. C. – Romans had conquered some Greek city-states…
This brought them closer to Phoenician city of Carthage

3. Carthage
Rome
Ptolomies

4. Carthage controlled most of North and West Africa

5. Carthage also controlled Spain

6. Carthage also controlled some Greek Islands and Sicily

7. Romans felt threatened and wanted Sicily’s granaries

8. The First Punic War

9. First Punic War 264 B.C. – 241 B.C. Carthage had strong navy
Rome had no navy (at first)
Rome had a strong army

10. Romans had to build a fleet!?

11. Building a Roman Navy
Romans modeled their ships after Carthaginian ships
Made improvements
Corvus

12. Corvus movable bridge on the front of the ship
Soldiers could board enemy ships
Changed a sea battle into a land battle

13. Results of First Punic War
Both Rome and Carthage suffered great loses (men, ships, financial)
Rome was declared winner
241 B.C. – peace terms were decided

14. Mediterranean was divided by an imaginary line
Everything north of the line was signed over to Rome (including Sicily)

15. This was also the beginning of Rome’s Navy!

16. Mediterranean World Before Second Punic War

17. Second Punic War

18. Second Punic War
218 B.C. –202 B.C.
Carthage under Hannibal’s command began expanding empire to Hispania (Spain)
Rome wanted Hannibal handed over to them; senate refused
Rome declared war on Carthage

19. Hannibal Barca Father was Hamilcar Barca
It is believed that Hannibal’s father made him swear to never befriend the Romans
Hannibal was elected in 221 B.C.
Thought to be one of the greatest military leaders in history

22. Hannibal’s Invasion
Moved through Spain and over Swiss alps into Italy with 40,000 men, supplies and 37 “war elephants”
Suffered heavy losses
Arrived with 26,000 men and 3 elephants
Surprised Roman army by land in the north

23. Hannibal’s
Routes

24. Hannibal’s Success / Failure
Won victory after victory
Marched to gates of Rome but could not proceed
Could not get supplies because Rome controlled sea

25. Destruction by Hannibal
Hannibal and troops roamed Roman countryside for 15 years
Raided & burned towns
Destroyed crops

26. Cannae

27. Cannae – 216 B.C. Rome – 100,000 soldiers Hannibal – 70,000 soldiers
Hannibal defeated Romans
Only 16,000 Roman soldiers survived

28. Romans attacked Carthage
Hannibal was called home to protect Carthage
He was defeated at town of Zama

30. Results of Second Punic War
201 B.C.
Carthage agreed to pay Rome a large sum of money
Agreed to give up territories, including Spain (and Spain’s resources)

31. Third Punic War

32. Third Punic War There was a peace for about 50 years
149 B.C. – 146 B.C.
Carthage showed signs of regaining power
Romans attacked Carthage

33. Roman Invasion Burned Carthage Plowed salt into fields
Killed Carthaginians or sold them into slavery

34. Other Roman Invasions Attacked Corinth
Already controlled Macedonia and Syria
Greece now under Roman control

35. Rome was now leading power of Mediterranean World!