1. By: Niaya Taylor

2. Muscle cramps are sudden, painful contractions of one or more muscles.

3. Symptoms of muscle cramps Severe pain in the cramping muscle Inability to use the cramping muscle Hard lump of muscle tissue that you can feel or is visible beneath the skin.

4. Treat muscle cramps. Stay well hydrated. Apply cold or heat – use a ice pack to relax tense muscles or use a warm towel or heating pad if there is still tenderness. Stretch or massage the muscle and gently rub. If you're unable to stand, try pulling the top of your foot on the affected side toward your head while your leg is in a straightened position. For a front thigh (quadriceps) cramp, use a chair to steady yourself and try pulling your foot on the affected side up toward your buttock.

5. Prevent Muscle Cramps. Drink a lot of water Stretch everyday.

6. Hypothermia By Tanazia Jackson

7. What is hypothermia Hypothermia is the overall cooling of the entire body to a body temperature of below 95 degrees. If you suffer from hypothermia you may develop an abnormal heart rhythm your heart may eventually stop

8. Signs of Hypothermia Shivering Numbness Weakness Glassy stare Confusion Impaired Consciousness.

9. Treatment of Hypothermia Find Heat, Take off wet clothes & put on warm clothes and blankets Get something warm to drink Do not rub, arms, or legs or use heating pads.

10. Prevent Hypothermia On a cold day : Wear warm clothes Stay warm and dry Eat enough food Do not drink alcohol

11. Frostbite By : Ebonii Cherry

12. Frostbite is the medical condition where localized damage is caused to skin and other tissues due to extreme cold. Causes : Extreme cold Inadequate clothing Wet clothes Wind chill Poor blood circulation

13. Stages of Frostbite 1 st – frostnip – only effects the surface of the skin, first itching and pain occurs ; turns colors and becomes numb. & no permanent damage 2 nd – skin may freeze and harden but deep tissues are not affected. Blisters may occur one to two days after being frozen and may become hard and blackened. 3 rd – muscles, tendons, blood vessels and nerves all freeze. Skin is hard and feels waxy ; and may lose loss of feeling. Extreme cases may result in amputation.

14. Treatment of Frostbite Don’t put affect area directly on c0ld or hot objects. Thaw out affected area by passive warming which is using body heat or wrapping in blankets. Rewarm without burning skin Thaw fast without tissue damage.