1. Energy source for contraction ATP ADP + Creatine phosphate = ATP ATP is constantly broken down and rebuilt

2. ATP = adenosine triphosphate ADP= adenosine diphosphate

3. ATP produced by cellular respiration – occurs in the mitochondria (requires O 2 and glucose) 25% of energy formed is used What happens to the rest? Heat  more muscle activity= more heat

4. Oxygen Debt Oxygen is used to make ATP in cellular Resp. Exercise  run out of O₂ = Lactic acid Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation – muscle cramps

5. Muscle Fatigue Muscle lose ability to contract after prolonged exercise or strain Caused by lactic acid build up

6. Threshold Stimulus Minimal strength required to cause a contraction Motor neuron releases enough acetylcholine to reach threshold All-or-None Response Fibers do not contract partially, they either do or don't

7. Motor Unit The muscle fiber + the motor neuron Recruitment more and more fibers contract as the intensity of the stimulus increases Muscle Tone Sustained contraction of individual fibers, even when muscle is at rest Lost if motor nerve axons are cut

8. Hypertrophy - muscles enlarge (working out or certain disorders) Atrophy - muscles become small and weak due to disuse

9. 1 8 7 2 3 4 6 5

10. 1.Tendon 2.Muscle 3.Fasicle 4.Muscle fiber 5.Myofibril 6.Endomysium 7.Perimysium 8.Epimysium

11. 1 2 3 4 7 5 6

12. 1.Muscle 2.Epimysium 3.Fasicle 4.Endomysium 5.Sarcolemma 6.Myfibirl 7.perimysium

13. Major Skeletal muscles Names of muscles describe them Ex: pectoralis major- large muscle in pectoral region Ex: Deltoid- shaped like a delta or triangle

14. Muscle of Facial Expression Enable communication of feelings Epicranius – frontalis and occipitalis Orbicularis oculi- around eye Orbicularis oris- around mouth Buccinator- cheek Zygomaticus major- zygomatic arch Zygomaticus minor- zygomatic arch Platysma- chest upward over neck to face, frown

15. Muscle of Mastication Chewing movements Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid

16. Move Head and Vertebral Column Sternocleidomastoid Splenius capitis Semispinalis capitis

17. Back Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Levator scapulae Teres Major Teres Minor Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Latissimus dorsi http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/back/bac k.swf http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/back/bac k.swf

18. Front Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Rectus abdominis Internal oblique External oblique http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/tors o/torso.swf http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/tors o/torso.swf

19. Arm Subscapularis Triceps brachii Biceps Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Top Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulanris http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/arms/top_arm.swf

20. Arm Bottom/Underneath Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Brachialis Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles /arms/bottom_arm.swf http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles /arms/bottom_arm.swf

21. Leg Muscles Front: Sartorius Rectus Femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Gracilis Tensor fasciae latae Tibialis anterior Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/fron t_legs.swf http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/fron t_legs.swf

22. Leg Muscles Back: Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gracilis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Soleus http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs /back_legs.swf http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs /back_legs.swf