1. MOUNTAIN BUILDING

2. Factors Affecting Deformation of Rock
Factors that influence the strength of a rock and how it will deform include temperature, pressure, rock type, and time.
Deformation is a general term that refers to all changes in the original shape and/or size of a rock body.
Stress is the force per unit area acting on a solid.

3. Rock Type
Mineral composition and texture of a rock also greatly affect how it will deform.

4. Time
In nature small stresses applied over a long period of time plays an important role in the deformation of rock.

5. Types of Stress
The three types of stress are tensional, compressional and shear.
Tensional – when rocks are pulled in opposite directions
Compressional – when rocks are pushed together or squeezed.
Shear – when rocks are distorted from different pulling.

6. Types of Stress

7. Folds
Types of folds:
Anticline– upfolding, or arching, of rock layers.
Syncline–linear downfolds in sedimentary strata.

8. Folds

9. Folds

10. Faults Types of faults: Normal–hanging wall block moves down (gravity)
Reverse–hanging wall block moves up the footwall block
Strike slip–side to
side

11. Faults

12. Types of Mountains

13. Folded Mountains Mountains that are formed primarily by folding.
Compressional stresses

14. Fault-Block Mountains
Large blocks of crust are uplifted and tilted along normal faults.

15. Domes and Basins
Uplifting produces a circular or elongated structure, the feature is called a dome.

16. Mountain Formation

17. Plate Boundaries
What types of mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries?
Volcanic Mountains
Folded Mountains
With divergent plate boundaries?
Fault Mountains

18. Ocean-Ocean Convergence
Ocean-ocean convergence mainly produces volcanic mountains.

19. Ocean-Continental Convergence
The types of mountains formed by ocean-continental convergence are volcanic mountains and folded mountains.
An accretionary wedge is the accumulation of different sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with some scraps of ocean crust.

20. Continental-Continental Convergence
At a convergent boundary between two plates carrying continental crust, a collision between the continental fragments will result and form folded mountains.

21. Divergent Plate Boundaries
The mountains that form along ocean ridges at divergent plate boundaries are fault type mountains.

22. Non-Boundary Mountains
Not all mountains are formed by plate boundaries. Some are formed by hot spots or regional extension or stretching.