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15.1 Fundamentals of HTML
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Fundamentals of HTML Today you will learn how to…
Identify the basic structure tags Identify elements of a Web page Start Notepad and describe the Notepad window Enable word wrap in Notepad Enter the HTML tags Save an HTML file Activate Notepad Use a browser to view a Web page
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What is HTML & Tags? HTML is the language that allows text and graphics to be displayed as Web pages. HTML uses a series of Special Codes called Tags. Tags tell a browser application such as Internet Explorer how to display the web page & its items in a browser window.
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HTML Tags? Tags must be surrounded by angle brackets along with some word. < > or the less and greater than signs. Tags aren’t case sensitive, so typing a tag either <TITLE>, <title> and <TiTLE> will all do the same. Tags mostly come in a set or a pair . Some are single, not a set.
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Appearance of a Set or Pair of Tags
<tag> some text </tag> Closing Tag Opening Tag
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Open or Start Tag End or Close Tag
tells the browser to turn on a function. will appear like this <tag name> End or Close Tag tells the browser to turn off a function. looks like the start but, has a slash / appears like this </tag name >
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Every Web Page has Three Sections:
the <HTML> section is always 1st. the <HEAD> section is always 2nd. the <BODY> section will be last.
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HTML Section <html> </html>
tells the browser you’re creating a web page. marks the beginning and ending of a web page.
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Head Section <head> </head>
Indicates the start and end of a section of the document used for the title and other header information
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Title Section <title> </title>
Displays information on the browser’s blue title bar. Used so search engines can search the pages’ content and keywords. Used to bookmark. Should be placed between the <head> </head> tags.
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Body Section <body> </body>
Contains the majority of the document and the tags used to create your web page. Comes after the <head> </head> tags.
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Basic Structure <html> <head>
<title> Web Page’s Title </title> </head> <body> Everything, All Info & Pictures </body> </html>
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HTML Editor Allows you to create a HTML document and see how the codes work. Some are free, shareware or commercial products. We will use NOTEPAD.
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How to Get Started StartProgramsAccessoriesNotepad This is what you usually do to get to Notepad But here… Go to my web page. Look above the picture at the bottom for the Notepad Shortcut. Click on it, select Save, change to your directory. It should unzip automatically. You have Notepad! If the Notepad window is not maximized, Maximize it. Click Format on the menu bar. If Word Wrap is not checked, click Word Wrap.
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Time to Practice
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Type the following code in Notepad …
<html> <head> <title> {Insert your Name}’s First Site</title> </head> <body> This is my very first “WEB PAGE”!!! </body> </html>
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How to Save & View a Web Page
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Saving a Web Page FileSave AsSave In (click on the downward arrow to change the location to your directory) Always Save every web page with the .html extension on the filename. Doing this will change your notepad into a web page When SAVED correctly, you should SEE the Internet Explorer Icon, “the big blue E” and not the NOTEPAD Icon.
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Don’t forget .html
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Viewing a Web Page Locate and Open the area where you’ve saved your web page. Make sure the file name was saved with the .html extension. Click on the E Icon next to the web page’s file name. This will cause your web page to appear in a simulation of the Explorer browser.
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Make sure the Notepad window is still open as well as your browser.
Now you will learn to Multitask by Switching between both windows as it will be necessary to make changes to the HTML file and it is easier seeing the actual changes in the browser.
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Let’s Practice Saving and Viewing
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With the notepad file still open click:
FileSave AsSave In (change to your directory) File Name type: My1stWebPage.html SAVE Minimize your Notepad Screen, go to My Computer & locate where you saved your file. You should see the Explorer “E” above your file’s name. Now, double click on it. Did your file change into a Web Page? If not, resave your notepad file with .html, close all screens and open your file again
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CONGRATULATIONS Are you ready now to learn some more?
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