1. Immunotherapy of Cancer and Immunodiagnosis
Folder Title: ImmunThe
Updated: April 26, 2012
TtlImThe

2. Forms of Cancer Immunotherapy
Non-Specific: Generalized, Non-Antigen-Specific Immune Activation
Specific: Antigen-specific Response Induced in the Mouse or Patient or Passively Transferred in from Donor Source
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3. Forms of Cancer Immunotherapy
Active: Induced Directly in the Tumor-Bearing Animal or in the Patient
Can be Specific or Non Specific
Passive or Adoptive: Immunologically Active Material Transferred into Mouse or Patient as a Passive Recipient
Can be Specific (Antibodies, T-Cells, Antigen-presenting cells – Dendritic Cell Vaccines)
Or Non-Specific (Non-specifically-activated T-Cells; Cytokines
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4. Active Non-Specific Immunotherapy
Bacterial Extracts: Non-Specific Immune Adjuvants
BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Attenuated Bovine Tuberculosis Bacterium)
Membrane Extracts of BCG
C Parvum: Corynebacterium parvum (related to diphtheria bacillus)
Bacterial Endotoxins: Muramyl Dipeptide
Chemical Adjuvants:
Levamisole
Poly IC (Poly-inosinic-Poly-cytidyllic acid)
Cytokines: (Can be actively induced or passively transferred)
Interferons
Interleukin 2 (IL2)
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
ActNot

5. Example of Cytokines in Immunotherpay of Cancer (Passive or Active)

8. Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancers (Passive: Donor to Recipient)
Non-Specific:
Lymphokine-activated Killer Cells (LAK Cells)\
Cytokines
Specific: Molecular Transfer
Monoclonal Antibodies
Specific: Cellular Transfer
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL Cells)
Engineered Antigen-Presenting Cells (Dendritic Cells)
Adoptive

11. Some Examples of Active, Specific Immunotherapy (Tumor Vaccines)
Unmodified Killed or Attenuated Tumor Cells
Unmodified Tumor Antigens
Altered Tumor Cells or Tumor Antigens
Lipidized Tumor Antigens
Chemically Derivatized Tumor Antigens
"Xenogenized" Tumor Cells (Virally-infected Cells)
Exposure of Cryptic Antigens
Antigenic Peptides from Tumor Antigens
ActSpec

12. Autologous Tumor Cells Vaccine for Glioblastoma Multiforme
April , 2012
50% increase in survival time (48 weeks vs 33 weeks)
Minimal side –reactions
40 Patients
A phase 2 multicenter trial of about 40 patients with recurrent glioblastoma -- an aggressive brain cancer that typically kills patients within 15 months of diagnosis -- showed that the vaccine safely increased average survival to nearly 48 weeks, compared with about 33 weeks among patients who didn't receive the treatment. The six-month survival rate was 93 percent for the vaccinated group, compared with 68 percent for 86 other glioblastoma patients, who were treated with other therapies.

13. Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibody Diagnosis and Tumor-Imaging
Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA)
Carcino-embryonic Antigen (CEA)
Colon Carcinoma A33 Antigen
Monoclonal Antibody Targeting
Immuno-toxins
Monoclonal antibodies directed to tumor cell surface markers
Can inhibit the cancer cell function
Can target the cancer cell for destruction by the immune response
CxMonoAb

14. Imaging on Metastatic Colon Carcinoma with Radioactive-Iodine-Labelled Monoclonal Ab to A33 Ag Lloyd Old, Scientific American, August, 1996, p. 138)
SeeMets
Arm
Head

15. Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies in Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia Rituxan#, Zevalin# (Yttrium 90 Radio-isotope Beta-emitter), and Bexxar* (Iodine-131 Radio-isotope Beta and Gamma Emitter) # IDEC Pharmaceuticals. *Corixa and Glaxo Smith Kline)
Anti-CD20

16. (Chimeric Mouse CDR's with Human V-Framework and C-regions)
Biotechnology and Clinical Applications of Monoclonals in Cancer Medicine: Leukemia & Lymphoma Therapy
Rituxan: IDEC Pharmaceuticals
Anti-CD20 Antibody Targeted to B-Cell Lymphoma
(Chimeric Mouse CDR's with Human V-Framework and C-regions)
Zevalin: Millennium Pharmaceuticals
Anti-CD20 for B-Cell Lymphoma with Radioactive Yttrium; Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Bexxar: Anti-CD20 for B-Cell Lymphoma with Radioactive Iodine
Campath:
Anti-CD52 for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
(See page 141, Immunology, 6th Edition)
MAbLeukemia

17. Anti-HER2/Neu Growth Factor Receptor in Breast Cancer
Biotechnology and Clinical Applications of Monoclonals in Cancer Medicine: Carcinoma Therapies
Herceptin: Genentech
Anti-HER2/Neu Growth Factor Receptor in Breast Cancer
Avastin: Antibody to Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (Anti-angiogenesis Therapy)
Erbitux
Antibody to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
(See page 141, Immunology, 6th Edition)
MAbCarcinoma

18. Immunotoxins in Antibody-mediated Cancer Therapy

19. Class # 26! I made it! I am still here!
Yes No
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20. What will remain when our days are done?
The Endless Mirrors
What will remain when our days are done?
What will matter when we are gone?
That we stalked the crumbled halls of power?
Were known by men long lost to time?
Famed in some forgotten hour?
Or that we wrote a song still sung?
Penned a verse that touches souls?
Shaped a cure to solace fears
To offer hope, to tarry death
for childhood’s child in endless years?
Birthed a thought that sired ten more?
Conceived a dream and passed it on?
Forged a link from gone to be,
And shined our candle in the endless mirrors
That reflect forever down the halls of time.
Tom Fondy 
(See tpfondy.mysite.syr.edu

34. LLoyd Old, Sci. Amer.
Aug, 1996
p. 139
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35. Please send in your name under “send user data”
Please send in your name under “send user data”. Rituxin, Zevalin, Herceptin, Bexxar, Campath, Erbitux, and Avastin are all examples of immunotherapy using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
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36. With respect to the use of the Turning Point XR-Transmitter System This response is set at anonymous. You will not be identified with your answer, only that you are responding.
This is a disaster! Forget about it!
This system is not very good. It has a long way to go to be a useful part of Biology courses, but it is worth working on.
The XR system is OK. It is worth keeping and using if you can make it work better.
The system was actually pretty cool. It made an important contribution to the standards in BIO 501.
The use of the XR system was an exciting advance in group communication in the classroom.
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