1. Assessment & Site Selection

2. Who are these people? Why have they come? What are they giving us? Where is your water source and do you have anyone that can assist to build latrines?

3. Assessment  Identifies the needs of the affected population  Identifies who else is operating in the affected area  Forms the basis of the plan of action  Identifies where to set up the water treatment plant and position the latrines

4. Data collection in emergency The process of data collection can be broken down into three stages: Stage 1: Rapid assessment Stage 2: Baseline data Stage 3: Further analysis

5. How Do We Do Assessments? Big Ears to listen, Big Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak

6. Information collection in emergency 1.Structured observation 2.Mapping 3.Interviews Big Ears to listen, Big Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak Rapid assessment (1 week)

7. Observation  Look around and talk to people.  Qualitative and Quantitative data  Walking through the area with local people facilitates discussion as the atmosphere is informal.  Observation is useful for cross- checking.  Excellent way to come upon unexpected information.

8. Mapping

9. Interviews  Group interview  Individual interview (key informant)  Household interviews

10. Interview Technique  Introduce yourself  Assure confidentiality  Wait for response – then probe using neutral probes e.g. anything else?  Do not suggest answer – verbal or non verbal  Do not react to answers  Maintain conversational tone  Know local words

11. A few common mistakes…  “Do you wash your hands?”  “How many people live in this house?”  “Where do you dispose of your faeces?”

12. Practical Exercise 1 - Assessment An outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea (suspected cholera) and dengue fever was confirmed in Nepal. You are part of an assessment team that is about to do a field visit to the affected area. Split into 4 groups and write a list of 10 things you want to know and what method you would use to collect the data and key informants.

13. 13 2. Availability of Resources Selecting a Water Source

14. 14  Quantity  Quality  Access  Distribution  Safety  Camp Site  Local Communities / Local Government ONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGE Requirements for selecting a water source

15. 15  SURFACE WATER  Lakes  Rivers  GROUNDWATER  Wells  Boreholes  Springs  RAIN WATER Availability of Resources

16. 16  Type of emergency  Needs of affected population  SPHERE WATSAN indicators Technical Criteria

17. 17  WHAT? –Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc) –Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT), NGOs) –Aerial photographs  WHO? IFRCIFRC ICRCICRC National SocietyNational Society GovernmentGovernment NGOsNGOs Local PopulationLocal Population InternetInternet Water Supply Selection Steps

18. 18  Individual basic equipment  Maps, compass, GPS  Water analysis  Conductivity meter  pH meter  Turbidíty meter  Nitrates  Nitrites  Delagua kit  Hardness Field survey Searching for a water source & a site camp

19. 19 Water analysis

20. 20Complete assessment forms

21. 21 Water source N º :_______ Date:__________________ Type of source (River, stream, canal, well, borehole, etc) Current uses of the water source Current uses of water upstream or above the source Current quantity of flow Colour and odder of water Is the water source seasonal? Specify the periods when flow is higher and lower Average waking distance to households Are the surroundings used for defecation? Type of surrounding vegetation Type of surrounding fauna FIELD LOG BOOK Physical characteristics of water sources

22. 22 Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOs

23. 23 Selection of the water source The Water Source location is based on:  Reports  Maps  Field Surveys  Field log books  Interviews with NGOs/beneficiaries/gov ernment