1. Red Cabbage as a pH Indicator Red Cabbage as a pH Indicator

2. I N T R O D U C T I O N The concentration of hydrogen ions is called the pH scale. Low pH corresponds to high hydrogen ion concentration and vice versa. An acid is a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (lowers the pH). A substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions (raises the pH) is called a base.

3. T H E p H S C A L E The pH scale measures from pH 1 to pH 14. If a substance has a pH of 1-5, it is an acid. If a substance has a pH of 6-7, it is neutral. And finally, if a substance has a pH of 8-14, it is a base. A pH of 1-3 or 12-14 is considered to be a strong acid or base.

4. M A T E R I A L S Two heads of red cabbage A blender, chopper, or grater. At least 7 beakers (w/ measurements on the side) Medicine droppers Medicine cups (or small container w/ metric measurements) An orange, sparkling water, shampoo, vinegar( optional-you can use vinegar that has been dissolved in distilled water), baking soda, laundry detergent ( preferably powder), aspirin (100mg tablets), red grapes, blueberries, blackberries, carrots, bar soap, red onions, An unlimited supply of water

5. R E D C A B B A G E C O L O R S C A L E

8. R E D C A B B A G E C O L O R S C A L E (By: B. Jackson and K. Glenn)

9. O T H E R p H I N D I C A T O R S.

10. P R O C E D U R E S 1..

11. B L U E B E R R Y R E S U L T S

12. B L A C K B E R R Y R E S U L T S