1. Acids and Bases

2. Acids  Acid- a compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution. -Ex.- H combines with H2O to make H3O which is an acid. -The more Hydronium ions the more acidic the substance. -Strong acids are corrosive. They can eat metal. -NEVER TOUCH OR TASTE A STRONG ACID!

3. Acid AA cids Taste Sour OO ranges contain citric acids; apples contain malic acid OO rganic acids come from nature- Weak Acids AA nts are also naturally acidic. Unripened fruit has a higher acidity than ripened fruit. That is why it tastes more sour!

4. Bases  Base- A compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution.  NEVER TOUCH OR TASTE A STRONG BASE.  Alkaline- another name for a base  Bases are slippery feeling and taste bitter.  To neutralize an base add an acid. To neutralize an acid, add a base.

5. pH  pH- the measure of the hydronium ions in a solution.  The lower the number the MORE acidic, the higher the number the MORE base.  Typical pH scale ranges from 0-14  0-6 is acidic  7 neutral  8-14 base (alkaline)

6. pH comes from the French “pouvoir hydrogene,” which means “hydrogen power.”

7. pH Indicator  Indicator- substance that changes color in an acid or base.  Litmus paper- turns red or blue in acid or base.  Red paper turns blue in a base  Blue paper turns red in an acid

8. pH Indicator UU niversal Indicator- mixture of several indicators so that each number on the pH scale shows a different color. CC an be a solid or liquid TT he colors representing the number changes with the brand of indicator Liquid Indicator Natural liquid indicator made from cabbage juice. Paper universal indicator