1. Formation of the Universe

2. Taken from the Hubble Space Telescope http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/bigbang.htm

3. Think About…. How old is our universe? How old is our universe? How did it come to exist? How did it come to exist? Where is my place in the universe? Where is my place in the universe?

4. Cosmology Cosmology~ The study of the origin and future of the universe Cosmology~ The study of the origin and future of the universe When we talk about the Big Bang Theory-it is just that….a THEORY When we talk about the Big Bang Theory-it is just that….a THEORY This theory has been tested by observations and experiments This theory has been tested by observations and experiments

5. A Big Bang!!! The Big Bang Theory states that the universe began with a tremendous explosion about 15-20 billion years ago The Big Bang Theory states that the universe began with a tremendous explosion about 15-20 billion years ago All the contents of the universe were gathered together under extreme pressure, temperature, and density in a very tiny spot. All the contents of the universe were gathered together under extreme pressure, temperature, and density in a very tiny spot.

6. Temperatures rose extremely high (500,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit) Temperatures rose extremely high (500,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit) Gases formed Gases formed 300 mil. Years later, stars and galaxies began to appear 300 mil. Years later, stars and galaxies began to appear Created space, time, matter, energy, and gravity. Created space, time, matter, energy, and gravity.

7. Supporting the Theory 1. In 1964, Arno Penzia and Robert Wilson discovered there was Cosmic microwave background radiation in space The explanation for the radiation is that it is the remnants of heat left over from the big bang explosion The explanation for the radiation is that it is the remnants of heat left over from the big bang explosion http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/bigbang.htm

8. 2. 1992, COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) looked fifteen billion light years into space & examined the cosmic microwave background radiation Concluded that 99.97% of the energy in the Universe was created in a short period of time (within one year) Concluded that 99.97% of the energy in the Universe was created in a short period of time (within one year) 3. Since H, He, & Li are the basic light elements these should have been created shortly after the Big Bang…if they were created before other elements then they should be the most abundant The results… The results… scientists have observed that approximately 24% of all matter in the universe is He scientists have observed that approximately 24% of all matter in the universe is He stars are approximately 96-99% H and He. stars are approximately 96-99% H and He.

9. 4. The Expanding Universe also supports the big bang… In the 1920’s Edwin Hubble noticed light from distant galaxies. He noticed that the light was moving away from us! In the 1920’s Edwin Hubble noticed light from distant galaxies. He noticed that the light was moving away from us!Concluded… No matter what direction we look, galaxies are moving away from us No matter what direction we look, galaxies are moving away from us ALL galaxies are moving away from each other ALL galaxies are moving away from each other The farther away the galaxy from us the faster it is moving The farther away the galaxy from us the faster it is moving

10. http://cmb.physics.wisc.edu/tutorial/hubble.html What would it look like to watch the universe evolve backwards through time?

11. The Raisin-Bread Model Each raisin represents a galaxy. They are distributed throughout the dough, just as the galaxies are distributed throughout the universe. As the dough rises, the raisins move farther away from each other. This is like the universe, the longer it exists, the farther the galaxies move away from each other.

12. References Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Holt science and technology. 2002. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Holt science and technology. 2002. http://cmb.physics.wisc.edu/tutorial/hubble.ht ml http://cmb.physics.wisc.edu/tutorial/hubble.ht ml http://cmb.physics.wisc.edu/tutorial/hubble.ht ml http://cmb.physics.wisc.edu/tutorial/hubble.ht ml http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/bigbang.htm