1. Presentation 2.3: Vegetation Management of Interface Forests

2. Outline Introduction Visual stewardship Forestry operations Forest cooperatives Summary

3. Introduction Products and services to meet objectives Socially acceptable forest management Different mechanical methods to management Coordination among landowners

4. Practicing visible stewardship Visual screening Cues-to-care Forest management Environmental impacts Terminology

5. Cues-to-care Waste and damage Neatness Schedule and duration Planning and safety Communication Re-vegetation Appearances Community commitment

6. Screen/hide management Add visual buffers Keep aesthetics in mind Limit downed wood May create negative perceptions Communicate with the public

7. Exercise 2.10: Cues-to-Care

8. Exercise 2.10 Discussion Questions What other cues-to-care have not been discussed? Which cues-to-care are too costly to be feasible? Which cues-to-care are just good management and should be done everywhere? What are simple low-cost actions that might work well in interface forests to promote socially acceptable forestry? Describe a personal example when cues-to-care, if properly implemented, might have avoided public controversy over a silvicultural operation.

9. Exercise 2.11: Debate: Cues-to-Care vs. Screening Buffers

10. Exercise 2.11:Directions Prepare a brief opening statement making two or three points defending your position. Prepare two questions for the other team that will make obvious the weakness of their position. Prepare responses to the questions they are likely to challenge you with. Provide a simple example where your technique would have made a difference in public relations or where the other technique would not make a difference.

11. Mechanical vegetative management Generate income, amenity, forest health, and recreation opportunities  Not just “harvesting timber” Issues and Tradeoffs  Social acceptability  Environmental impact  Economic viability  Operator safety

12. Traditional tree harvesting High capital costs Large ‘conventional’ machines Purchase cost up to $200k Moving cost up to $2,500 Harvest larger volumes Depends on desired outcomes

13. Small scale harvesting systems Lower capital investment costs Horse logging Small agriculture tractor Small excavators/skid-steers Small cable-yarding system All terrain vehicles (ATVs) Cut–to-length

14. Agricultural tractor system Many possible attachments including a grapple or using a self loading trailer.

15. Excavators and cable-yarding Cable-yarding  Rough terrain  Minimize soil disturbance Excavators/skid-steers  Similar to agriculture tractor  Add modifications

16. All terrain vehicles

17. Cut-to-length Two person, two machine system Low-impact harvesting  Distributed weight  Reduced soil compaction

18. Costs and benefits comparisons Wet weather sensitivity Slope tolerance Extraction distance Tree size Log length Moving cost Road Log weight

19. Costing an operation A challenge to find a harvester Harvest contracts Transfer ownership to contractor Encourage high production Pay a rate per ton Encourage high grading Hourly rate

20. Safety Small crews and equipment Few safety options exist in the South Follow OSHA requirements  Wear personal protective equipment  Keep first-aid kit on site  Create a safety plan Workers compensation insurance

21. Forest cooperatives Participation is voluntary Protect ecological systems Share information, equipment, and labor coordination of management across boundaries Protect privacy buffers Create wildlife corridors for migration and cover Share access roads Develop formal business arrangement

22. Convincing landowners’ to join Temptation Time Trust Role of the professional

23. Types of cooperatives Landowner associations “Virtual” or regional Formal business arrangement

24. Benefits of forest cooperatives Trusted knowledge Increased property access Coordinated forest health Shared work activities Profit Value added Political clout Community development

25. Costs and reservations Governance Property rights Start-up cost Marketing Lack of time, trust, or temptation Funding

26. Cooperative examples The Blue Ridge Forest Landowner Cooperative  Pursuing Forest Stewardship Council certification The Forest Bank  Waive development rights National Demonstration Program in Community Based Forestry  Market to minority forest landowners

27. Case Study 3: Cooperation is the Key: Blue Ridge Forest Landowner Cooperative

28. Exercise 2.12: Balancing the Ecological, Social, and Economic Concerns

29. Exercise 2.12 Discussion Questions Wh at points in the table do you most disagree with? Why? What key benefits and costs are missing from the table? What are the key ethical, environmental, and economic trade offs in selecting a harvesting method? Are there strategies or regulations that could be applied to either system to mitigate the risks? What might be feasible in your region?

30. Exercise 2.13: Juggling Multiple Objectives

31. Case Study 5: The Domain: Managing Interface Forests in Tennessee

32. Summary Public perception is important when considering forest management methods. Providing ways to enhance the existing property while following along with the landowner’s management objectives will create a successful interface community.

33. Credits P hotos Slide 4: Larry Korhnak Slide 15: A. John D. Hodges, Mississippi State University, www.forestryimages.org, B. http://www.cppa.org/album/cableyarding. jpg www.forestryimages.org http://www.cppa.org/album/cableyarding. jpg Slide 17: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4101/focus/mg t_approaches/ecological/svor/ Slides 22, 23, 24, 26: Courtesy of the Blue Ridge Forest Landowner Cooperative All other photos courtesy of Virginia Tech

34. Credits References Slide 12: Shaffer, R. M. 1992. Farm Tractor Logging for Woodlot Owners (Publication 420-090). Blackburg VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension. Slide 12: Jensen, K. and R. Visser. 2004. “Low Impact Forest Harvesting at the Urban Interface.” In Proceedings of the 27th Meeting of the Council on Forest Engineering.