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08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 1 J/  production at high transverse momentum in p+p and A+A collisions Zebo Tang (USTC)

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Presentation on theme: "08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 1 J/  production at high transverse momentum in p+p and A+A collisions Zebo Tang (USTC)"— Presentation transcript:

1 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 1 J/  production at high transverse momentum in p+p and A+A collisions Zebo Tang (USTC)

2 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 2 Outline Introduction –Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) –J/  as a probe of QGP –J/  production mechanism in p+p collisions High p T J/  reconstruction –Electron identification –High p T J/   e + e - reconstruction Results –J/  spectra in p+p collisions –J/  spectra in Cu+Cu collisions –J/  -hadron correlation in p+p collisions Summary and outlook

3 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 3 Quark-Hadron phase transition Net Baryon Density

4 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 4 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Animation M. Lisa RHIC BRAHMS PHOBOS PHENIX STAR AGS TANDEMS v = 0.99995  c = 186,000 miles/sec Au + Au at 200 GeV

5 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 5 J/  melting in QGP J/  dissociation due to color screening  Signature of the QGP formation

6 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 6 J/  measurements in Heavy Ion Collisions SPS: Anomalous suppression  Significant evidence of deconfinement in central Pb+Pb PLB 477,28 (2000) NA 50, PLB 477,28 (2000) RHIC: Similar suppression as SPS, why? Balance of dissociation and regeneration? Or sequential suppression?

7 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 7 Sequential suppression H. Satz, Nucl. Phys. A (783):249-260(2007) J/  suppression at low p T maybe only from excited stats (  ’,  c ) F. Karsch, D. Kharzeev and H. Satz, PLB 637, 75 (2006) 60% from direct J/  : not suppressed 30%  c and 10%  ’: dissociated NA50, EPJ39,335 NA60, QM05

8 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 8 Survival possibility pTpT Direct J/  suppression J/  H. Liu, K. Rajagopal and U.A. Wiedemann PRL 98, 182301(2007) and hep-ph/0607062 M. Chernicoff, J. A. Garcia, A. Guijosa hep-th/0607089 T. Gunji, QM08 Can we observed direct J/  suppression? Hot wind dissociation  high p T direct J/  suppression Hot wind dissociation AdS/CFT calculation

9 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 9 Charmonium production mechanism NRQCD Color singlet Color octet Color singlet model (CSM), LO underpredicted CDF data by order of magnitude Color octet model (COM), LO good agreement with CDF cross section disagreement with CDF polarization LO Know your reference! LO CSMLO COM J/  3S13S1 CDF measurement: PRL79,572

10 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 10 Charmonium production mechanism NRQCD Color singlet Color octet Color singlet model (CSM), LO underpredicted CDF data by order of magnitude Color octet model (COM), LO good agreement with CDF cross section disagreement with CDF polarization CSM*, NLO better agreement NNLO* applicable at p T >5-7 GeV/c COM* improvement of polarization, NLO will come, valid at p T >3 GeV/c Decay feeddown (CDF):  (2s): 7%-15%, slightly increase with p T  c0,1,2 : ~30%, slightly decrease with p T B: Strong p T dependence LO Know your reference!

11 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 11 Disentangle contributions via Correlations J/  -hadron correlation can also shed light on different source contribution to J/  production CSM vs. COM 1) no near side correlation 2) strong near side correlation PLB 200, 380(1988) and PLB 256,112(1991)

12 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 12 The STAR Detector MRPC ToF barrel 75% for run 9 RPSD PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC barrel EMC End Cap DAQ1000 Take data FGT Complete Ongoing MTD (BNL LDRD) R&D HFT: R&D TPC TPC+EMC for this analysis

13 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 13 Electron identification (TPC only) With TPC only: no electron ID at low p T difficult to get a good electron sample at high p T possible to get a electron sample with reasonable purity at intermediate p T x sigma deviation from electron dE/dx curve Note: electron yield is much less than hadrons

14 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 14 Electron ID (EMC) Online fast trigger: enhance high p T electron enhance recorded luminosity Offline deposited energy: Further suppress high p T hadrons  x  0.05x0.05) ~5X 0

15 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 15 Electron ID (SMD) electron hadron Shower Maximum Detector: shower size shower position Further suppress hadron contamination

16 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 16 High p T J/   e + e - reconstruction technique PYTHIA decay p+p run6 Trigger efficiency Tracking efficiency acceptance High p T electron High p T J/   high p T electron (TPC+EMC) lower p T electron (TPC only)

17 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 17 High p T J/  in p+p at 200 GeV J/  p T EMC+TPC electrons:  1, p T >2.5 GeV/c TPC only electrons:  1, p T >1.2 GeV/c EMC+TPC electrons:  1, p T >4.0 GeV/c TPC only electrons:  1, p T >1.2 GeV/c No background at p T >5 GeV/c Reach higher p T (~14 GeV/c) p+p 2005 p+p 2006 STAR Preliminary EMC (High Tower) trigger: 5 < p T < 14 GeV/c

18 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 18 J/  spectra in p+p and Cu+Cu at 200 GeV Significantly extend p T range of previous measurements in p+p at RHIC to 14 GeV/c Agreement of charm measurements between STAR and PHENIX ~3 orders

19 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 19 Compare to pQCD and NRQCD Model comparisons: Color singlet model: direct NNLO still miss the high p T part. P. Artoisenet et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 152001 (2008), and J.P. Lansberg private communication. LO CS+CO : better agreement with the measurements, leave little room for higher charmonium states and B feeddown contribution. G. C. Nayak, M. X. Liu, and F. Cooper, Phys. Rev. D68, 034003 (2003), and private communication. CS and LO CS+CO have different power parameters  different diagram contribution? power parameter: n=8 for NNLO CS n=6 for LO CS+CO STAR Preliminary

20 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 20 x T scaling in p+p collisions n is related to the number of point-like constituents taking an active role in the interaction n=8: diquark scattering n=4: QED-like scattering p T >2 GeV/c STAR Preliminary p T >5 GeV/c  and proton at p T >2 GeV/c: n=6.6±0.1 ( PLB 637, 161(2006)) J/  at high p T : n=5.6±0.2 (close to CS+CO prediction) Soft processes affect low p T J/  production

21 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 21 Nuclear modification factor R AA Consistent with no suppression at high p T : R AA (p T >5 GeV/c) = 1.4± 0.4±0.2 All RHIC measurements: R AA = 1.1 ± 0.3 ± 0.2 Indicates R AA increase from low p T to high p T STAR Preliminary

22 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 22 Nuclear modification factor R AA Consistent with no suppression at high p T : R AA (p T >5 GeV/c) = 1.4± 0.4±0.2 All RHIC measurements: R AA (p T >5 GeV/c) = 1.1 ± 0.3 ± 0.2 Indicates R AA increase from low p T to high p T Contrast to AdS/CFT+ Hydro prediction H. Liu, K. Rajagopal and U.A. Wiedemann PRL 98, 182301(2007), T. Gunji, JPG 35, 104137(2008) How does production mechanism (CS vs. CO) affect energy loss? Good jobs: transport+hydro: from initial produced instead of regenerated Y.Liu, Zhen Qu, N. Xu and P. Zhuang, arXiv:0901.2757; N. Xu, QM2009 two-component model: leakage and B feeddown is important R. Rapp, X. Zhao, arXiv:0806.1239 STAR Preliminary

23 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 23 Disentangle contributions via Correlations J/  -hadron correlation can also shed light on different source contribution to J/  production CSM vs. COM 1) no near side correlation 2) strong near side correlation PLB 200, 380(1988) and PLB 256,112(1991)

24 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 24 J/  -hadron correlation (S+B)/B: 54/14 5.4  Heavy quark fragmentation Near side correlation Good S/B ratio makes this measurement possible

25 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 25 J/  hadron correlation in p+p PRL 95,152301(2005) h-h correlation No significant near side J/  -hadron azimuthal angle correlation Constrain B meson’s contribution to J/  yield

26 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 26 Constrain bottom yields Correlations shows low B contribution (13  5) % Can used to further constrain B yields STAR Preliminary

27 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 27 Constrain bottom yields pQCD predicts significant B  J/  Correlations shows low B contribution Can used to further constrain B yields Constrain B  e M. Cacciari, P. Nason and R. Vogt RL 95(2005),122001; CLEO collaboration PRL 89(2002),282001 STAR Preliminary

28 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 28 Yields in near/away side Associated hadron spectra with leading J/  : Away side: Consistent with leading charged hadron correlation measurement (h-h)  away-side from gluon or light quark fragmentation Near side: Consistent with no associated hadron production B  J/  not a dominant contributor to inclusive J/  constrain J/  production mechanism STAR Preliminary

29 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 29 High-p T J/  in run8 d+Au dAu EMC data sampled luminosity: 31 nb -1 p+p equivalent: 13 pb -1 J/  spectra  (2S)  c J/  -hadron correlation Isolated J/  J/  in Jet Reduced material budget by a factor of ~10 Efficiency under going 420 signals 13  New 500 GeV p+p data is coming! Also 200 GeV p+p with higher lum. 200 GeV Au+Au and Energy scan.

30 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 30 Summary  J/  spectra in 200 GeV p+p collisions at STAR Significantly extend previous measurement from 5 GeV/c to ~14 GeV/c, provide powerful tool to constrain model calculations High p T J/  follows x T scaling with n=5.6, consistent with COM slope Low p T J/  deviates from x T scaling suggests soft process can affect low p T J/  production.  J/  spectra in 200 GeV Cu+Cu collisions First observation of no suppression for hadron at high p T at STAR Indication of R AA increasing from low p T to high p T  J  hadron azimuthal correlation in p+p First quarknonium-hadron correlation measurement at RHIC No significant near side correlation B  J/  contribution = 13  5% Can be used to constrain B production, and help to separate b  e from c  e

31 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 31 Extra slides

32 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 32 What I am going to try (low p T ) 500 GeV p+p, 2009, preliminary calibration TPC+TOF Low p T J/   ee: Total cross section

33 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 33 What I am going to try (other charmonia) TOF:  /K upto 1.6 GeV/c, p/( ,K) upto 3 GeV/c With extended PID from TOF and high luminosity of RHICII: The reconstruction of the other charmonium states through their hadronic channels are possible and worth to try

34 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 34 Future dramatic improvement of J /  at low p T EMC+TOF+HFT (large acceptance): J/  production Different states predicted to melt at different T in color medium Charmonia (J/  ), bottonia (  ) Quarkonium dissociation temperatures – Digal, Karsch, Satz pT (e)>1.5 GeV/c PHENIX Acceptance: ||<0.35,=2*/2 STAR TOF-Upgrade Acceptance: ||<0.9,=2* J /  yields from 1 billion minbias Au+Au events: 43.8x10 -9 /0.040x10 9 *292*0.5*1.8*0.5= 144,000  0.3% v 2 error  J/  pp N N bin  y R AA dE/dx after TOF cut

35 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 35 Detector upgrades: HFT and MTD Heavy Flavor Tracker: Muon Telescope Detector: n   >0 STAR Preliminary Prototype in run VII   e + e - rejection Topologically reconstruct J/  from B decay Rejection power: ~16 Muon identification simulation

36 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 36 MRPC ToF barrel Ready for run 10 RPSD PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC barrel EMC End Cap DAQ1000 Ready for run 9 FGT Complete Ongoing MTD (BNL LDRD) R&D HFT TPC The STAR Detector Run8: without any inner tracker

37 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 37 Jpsi-h correlation from PYTHIA

38 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 38 High p T J/  in heavy ion collisions (Cont.) 2-component approach: dissociation + recombination R AA decreases slightly or flat with p T X. Zhao and R. Rapp, hep-ph/07122407 R AA increase slightly with p T including formation time and B decay X. Zhao, WWND2008 Color singlet model: R AA increase with p T (formed out of medium) F. Karsch and R. Petronzio, PLB 193(1987), 105 ; J.P. Blaizot and J.Y. Ollitrault, PLB 199(1987),499

39 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 39 Datasets p+p data sample:  1. EMC triggered events in year 2005 E T >3.5 GeV Integrated luminosity: 3 (pb) -1  2. EMC triggered events in year 2006 E T >5.4 GeV Integrated luminosity: 11 (pb) -1 Cu+Cu data sample:  1. EMC triggered events in year 2005 E T >3.75 GeV Integrated luminosity: 0.9 (nb) -1 pp-equivalent: 3 (pb) -1 High-p T J/  p+p data sample: 1. J/ψ triggered events in year 2006 Integrated luminosity: 377 (nb) -1 2. Υ triggered events in year 2006 Integrated luminosity: 9(pb) -1 Au+Au data sample: 1. Υ triggered events in year 2007 Integrated luminosity: 300(μb) -1 pp-equivalent: 12(pb) -1 Triggered data

40 Lectures on Physics of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions 08/10/2009Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 40 Heavy Quark Potential Cornell-potential:  At zero temperature, V(r,0)  r,  Confinement !  At high temperature, the confinement potential ‘melted’  De-confinement !  J/  suppression ! T.Matsui and H.Satz, Phys. Lett. B178, 416(1986) F. Karsch, E. Laermann, A. Peikert, Nucl. Phys. B605, 579(2001) Nu Xu, Lecture at USTC, Oct. 2006

41 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 41 J/  measurements in Heavy Ion Collisions Due to color screening, J/  was thought be dissociated in the medium. T. Masui and H. Satz, Phys. Lett. B178, 416 (1986). At RHIC, the suppression at low p T is similar to at SPS at similar N part : recombination due to large charm cross section. P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B490,196 (2000); L. Grandchamp and R. Rapp, Phys. Lett. B523, 60 (2001); M. I. Gorenstein et al., Phys. Lett. B524, 265 (2002); R. L. Thews, M. Schroedter, and J. Rafelski, Phys. Rev. C63, 054905 (2001); Yan, Zhang and Xu, Phys.Rev.Lett.97, 232301 (2006); PHENIX: Phys.Rev.Lett.98, 232301,2007. At SPS, suppression decreases versus p T : Cronin effect, Nuclear absorption and formation time effect. M. C. Abreu et al., Phys. Lett. B499, 85 (2001); X. Zhao, WWND2008; X. Zhao and R. Rapp, hep-ph/07122407; X. Zhu, P. Zhuang, PRC67, 067901(2003) NA60, QM08

42 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 42 High p T J/  in heavy ion collisions How the formation time effect, jet energy loss and hot wind dissociation affect the high p T J/psi in the medium: 2-component approach: dissociation + recombination R AA increases slightly with p T including formation time and B decay X. Zhao, WWND2008; X.Zhao and R. Rapp, hep-ph/07122407 Formation time effect: R AA increases with p T (formed out of medium) K. Farsch and R. Petronzio, PLB 193(1987), 105 ; J.P. Blaizot and J.Y. Ollitrault, PLB 199(1987),499 Jet energy loss: open charm strongly suppressed observed in the medium AdS/CFT + Hydro: R AA decreases versus p T STAR: PRL98(2007) 192301

43 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 43 Compare to SPS Similar trend also observed at SPS, might from different physics origin RHIC: Cu+Cu,, consistent with no suppression at p T > 5 GeV/c SPS: In+In,, consistent with no suppression at p T > 1.8 GeV/c NA60, QM08 NA50, 158 AGeV PLB499,85 and NPA774,59 R CP

44 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 44 J/  -h correlation from PYTHIA

45 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 45 Summary J/  in p+p and Cu+Cu collisions: p T spectra in p+p: extended to ~14 GeV/c follows x T scaling with n=5.6 at p T >5 GeV/c, deviates from scaling at low p T J/  -hadron azimuthal correlation in p+p: no significant near side correlation constrain the contribution from B  J/  +X away-side spectra consistent with h-h correlation  gluon or light quark fragmentation J/  R AA indication of R AA increasing at high p T production mechanisms: described by NRQCD soft processes affect low p T production constrain decay contribution constrain B production and B  e constrain production mechanism: CSM or COM medium properties

46 08/10/2009 Zebo Tang, Weihai 2009 46 Sequential suppression H. Satz, Nucl. Phys. A (783):249-260(2007) J/  suppression at low p T maybe only from excited stats (  ’,  c ) F. Karsch, D. Kharzeev and H. Satz, PLB 637, 75 (2006) 60% from direct J/  : not suppressed 30%  c and 10%  ’: dissociated NA50, EPJ39,335 NA60, QM05 ? Plasma thermometer


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