1. Vulcanicity
F.2 Geography Lesson

3. Contents The formation of a volcano Types of volcanoes
The distribution of volcanoes
The hazards and benefits of vulcanicity
Questions
Activity: Making a paper volcano model

4. The formation of volcanoes

5. The formation of volcanoes
Line of weakness
Magma beneath the crust forces its way to the lines of weakness

6. The magma reaches the Earth’s surface through the lines of weakness which is then called lava
Layers of lava
Magma

7. Lava cools and forms hill called volcano

8. Now, you can take a look at the whole process(automatic animation) once again.

14. Types of Volcanoes
~extinct
~dormant
~active

15. Extinct Volcanoes e.g. Kohala, Hawaii
Types of Volcanoes
Extinct Volcanoes
-Volcanoes which haven't erupted since recorded history and show no signs of ever erupting.
e.g. Kohala, Hawaii

16. Types of Volcanoes
Dormant Volcanoes
-Volcanoes that have not erupted in historic time but probably will erupt again.
e.g. Mauna Kea, Hawaii

17. Active Volcanoes -Volcanoes that have erupted in historic time.
Types of volcanoes
-Volcanoes that have erupted in historic time.
-e.g. Mount St. Helens
Hualalai

18. Click here to continue. Do you know where do my friends live?
My friends live all over the WORLD!!
Asia
North
America
Atlantic Ocean
Africa
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
South
America
Australasia
Click here to continue.

19. ASIA Mt. Fuji  A dead volcano
 Japan's highest and most noted volcano
 Its growth began with a period of voluminous lava flows from 11,000 to 8,000 years before present (BP)
 The last eruption in 1707 ejected andesitic pumice and formed a large new crater on the east flank.

20. North America
Mt. Adams
 a dormant volcano
 one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range

21. AUSTRALASIA Mt. Krakatoa  an active volcano
 the eruption in 1983 caused a large damage on human lives and property.
 frequent eruptions since 1927

22. South America Mt. Cotopaxi  most well-known volcano
 one of the most active in the world
 most well-known volcano
 the most violent historical eruptions took place in 1744, 1768, and 1877.
 The last significant eruption took place in 1904.

23.  has the world's longest documented record of historical volcanism
Africa
Mt. Etna
 an extinct volcano
 has the world's longest documented record of historical volcanism
 Historical lava flows cover much of the surface

24. The hazards of vulcanicity
1. Release of poisonous gases
Photos showing the emission of poisonous gases from the volcanoes.

25. The hazards of vulcanicity
2. Fire hazards
A photo of a fire hazard caused by volcanic eruption in the Philippines, 1995.

26. 3. Destruction of forests and farmlands
The hazards of vulcanicity
3. Destruction of forests and farmlands
Forests were destructed by the eruption of volcanoes in Malaysia.

27. 4. Earthquakes I’m very powerful!! hehe
The hazards of vulcanicity
I’m very powerful!!
hehe
4. Earthquakes
Destructions caused by earthquake

28. 5. Tsunamis Oh! Very terrible!! Tsunami in Hawaii in 1906
The hazards of vulcanicity
5. Tsunamis
Tsunami in Hawaii in 1906

29. The benefits of vulcanicity
1. Tourist Attractions
Beautiful Fuji (above) and Aso volcano (right)

30. Basic lava gives fertile soil.
The benefits of vulcanicity
2. Fertile soil
Basic lava gives fertile soil.

31. Volcanic rocks contain mineral deposits
The benefits of vulcanicity
3. Mineral deposits
sulphur
gold
copper
Volcanic rocks contain mineral deposits

32. 4. Geothermal Electricity
The benefits of vulcanicity
4. Geothermal Electricity
A power-generating plant using geothermal energy

33. Hey, here comes the question time!
1. Which of the following types of volcanoes
can erupt ?
I. extinct volcanoes
II. dormant volcanoes
III. active volcanoes
A. I only.
B. III only
C. II and III.
D. All of them

34. 2. Which of the following countries lie within volcanic belt?
I. Japan
II. The Philippines
III. England
IV. Indonesia
A. I only.
B. I, II, IV.
C. None of them.
D. All of them.

35. 3. Which of the following substances will be
emitted during volcanic eruption?
I. Water vapours.
II. Poisonous gases.
III. Lava.
IV. Mineral substances.
A. III only.
B. II and III.
C. I, II and III.
D. All of them.

36. 4. Which of the following hazards are
associated with volcanic activities?
I. Typhoons
II. Earthquakes
III. Drought
IV. Landslides
A. II only.
B. IV only.
C. II and IV.
D. All of them.

37. 5. Why do people still prefer to live in the volcanic regions?
I. Scenic spots.
II. Volcanic eruptions are not frequent.
III. Lower population density.
IV. Lava gives fertile soil.
A. III only.
B. I and IV.
C. I, II and IV.
D. All of them.
Click here to continue.

38. Sorry, your option is incorrect. Please try again.

39. Congratulations! Your option is correct.

40. Activity: Making a paper volcano model
Click here to have a closer view

41. Now you all know more
about me and my family.
Enjoy your lesson!!
Happy volcano!!!
Bye bye…….

42. Group Member: Wan Wing Sze (Tracy) s995978
Chan Ka Ming (Jenny) s996281
Lee Wun Yee (Winnie)s997663
Tang Wing Hang (Andy)s996403
Chan Siu Wun (Betty) s997750