2. Design and Application of a Settling Characterization Device Derek Hoffman under Dr. Love, MSE SURP CASS Symposium August 2, 2001

3. Introduction and settling background Settling measurement techniques Our settling characterization device Testing of the device Future work and conclusions

4. The Importance of Settling Settling of as little as 15% of particles causes a decrease properties

5. Examples of Settling Polymer fillers Synthesis in solution Waste water treatment

6. Settling Regimes Supernatant fluid Mud line Settling Particles

7. Introduction and settling background Settling measurements techniques Our settling characterization device Testing of the device Future work and conclusions

8. Batch Tests

9. Sampling Column

10. Sedimentometer

11. Introduction and settling background Settling measurements techniques Our settling characterization device Testing of the device Future work and conclusions

12. Design Requirements Fully automated Accurately determine position of settling boundaries Accurately determine concentration Data gathered on entire length of the column

13. Settling Characterization Device

14. Positioning system Magnetic Sensor Clock Relays Motor

15. Laser and Photo Detector Silicon Photodiode 632 nm Diode Laser

16. Introduction and settling background Settling measurement techniques Our settling characterization device Testing of the device Future work and conclusions

17. Fluid Test Materials EPON ® Resin 828 Bisphenol A/ Epichlorohydrin Based Epoxy Resin ~ 1.304 g/cm 3 HELOXY ® Modifier 107 Diglycidylether of cyclohexane dimethanol ~ 1. 0916 g/cm 3

18. Particle Test Materials Intelimer ® 7004 polymer bound imidazole catalyst ~ 10 microns ~ 0.308 g/cm 3 Carborundum ~ 2 microns ~ 2.297 g/cm 3

19. Scan of Catalyst Particles in 50% Modifier Black Tape Surface Foam * Catalyst Particles Settle Up

20. Scan of Carborundum Particles in 50% Modifier Fluid SurfaceBlack Tape Scan Starting Point

21. Carborundum Particles Settling vs. Fluid Viscosity Fluid Surface Fluid Bottom 60 cP 384 cP

22. Settling Rate of Carborundum Particles in Various Viscosity Resins

23. Catalyst Particles in 60 cP Resin Fluid Surface Fluid Bottom Hours * Catalyst Particles Settle Up

24. Settling Rate of Catalyst Particles in 60 cP Resin

25. Introduction and settling background Settling measurement techniques Our settling characterization device Testing of the device Future work and conclusions

26. Future Work Patent application Scattering vs. transmittance The effect of sample shape Machine improvements

27. Conclusions Settling is a common phenomenon Fulfills design requirements Provides details invisible to the naked eye Useful to many applications

28. Acknowledgement Dr. Brian Love Dave Brooks, Graduate Mentor Dr. Patricia Dolez The Photonics Department SURP Program

29. Questions?

30. Class 1 Settling Behaves like one particle F G =  p Vg F B =  l Vg F D = 3   V d

31. Final Particle Velocity F A = m dv/dt = F G -F B -F D F A = 0 = (  p -  l )Vg - 3   V d V = ((  p -  l )Vg)/3  d

32. Viscosity Tests

33. * Tested in 50/50 mix of Epoxy and Modifier Calibration Curves