1. Bacterial Infection of Cardiovascular system By Dr. Humodi A. Saeed Associate Prof. of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Laboratory Science Sudan University of Science and Technology E mail address: Biotechsust@hotmail.com

2. Cardiovascular system (CVS)

3. What is Cardiovascular system?

4. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Definition Cardiovascular system (circulatory system), defined as a group of organs that transport blood and the substances it carries to and from all parts of the body.

5. Bacterial Infection of CVS Components?

6. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Components The cardiovascular (circulatory) system consists of : 1. The heart 2. Blood vessels.

7. Bacterial Infection of CVS Functions?

8. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Functions 1. Circulates blood throughout the body. 2. Delivers nutrients and other essential materials to cells. 3. Removes waste products.

9. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Function (It serves as the body's transportation system).

10. Bacterial Infection of CVS Diseases?

11. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Cardiovascular diseases Disease of the heart and blood vessels.

12. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Bacteraemia

13. Bacterial Infection of CVS 1. Bacteraemia Presence of organisms not permanent. Organisms not multiplying. Patient asymptomatic. Important means of spread for other diseases.

14. Bacterial Infection of CVS Causes of Bacteraemia Group B streptococcus Escherichia coli (and other enteric Gram negative bacilli) Listeria monocytogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria meningitides Salmonella spp

15. Bacterial Infection of CVS Causes of Bacteraemia (cont.) Streptococcus pneumoniae Group B streptococcus Neisseria meningitides Salmonella spp Haemophilus influenzae Listeria monocytogenes

16. Bacterial Infection of CVS Causes of Bacteraemia (cont.) Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitides Salmonella spp

17. Cardiovascular system (CVS) Septicaemia

18. Cardiovascular system (CVS) 2. Septicaemia Septicaemia is a potentially life-threatening infection in which large amounts of multiplying bacteria are present in the blood. It is commonly referred to as blood poisoning.

19. Bacterial Infection of CVS Septicaemia Organisms actively multiplying. Patient acutely symptomatic.

20. Bacterial Infection of CVS Causes Septicaemia usually arises as a result of localised infection in the body. The primary site of infection may occur in the: Respiratory system Skin The gastrointestinal system Genitourinary system. Bacteria usually spill over from the primary infection site into the blood and are carried throughout the body thereby spreading infection to various systems of the body.

21. Bacterial Infection of CVS Symptoms 1.Fevers 2.Chills 3.Rash

22. Bacterial Infection of CVS Mortality 1.Very high even with prompt therapy. 2.Gram positive 10 – 20% 3.Gram negatuve 25 – 40% 4.Septic shock 40 – 90%

23. Bacterial Infection of CVS Endocarditis

24. Bacterial Infection of CVS 3. Endocarditis Viridans Streptococci Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus CoN Staphylococci Stomatococcus species Enterococcus species

25. Bacterial Infection of CVS 3. Endocarditis (Cont.) HACEK group Bartonella species Rickettsia burnetii Brucella species Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Enterobacteriaceae Ps. aeruginosa, Corynebacterium sp. Propionibacterium sp.

26. Bacterial Infection of CVS Myocarditis

27. Bacterial Infection of CVS 4. Myocarditis Cory.diphtheriae Clostridium perfringens group A Streptococcus Borrelia burgdorferi Neisseria meningitidis Staphylococcus aureus

28. Bacterial Infection of CVS 4. Myocarditis (Cont.) Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci Rickettsia rickettsii Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

29. Bacterial Infection of CVS Pericarditis

30. Bacterial Infection of CVS 5. Pericarditis Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosis

31. Bacterial Infection of CVS Lab. Diagnosis Specimen Blood

32. Bacterial Infection of CVS Lab. Diagnosis Essential points 1.Multiple collections (3 in 24 hours) 2.Maximum volume (do not overfill!) 3. Aseptic collection / handling technique is CRITICAL

33. Bacterial Infection of CVS Lab. Diagnosis Microscopy Gram stain To detect: 1.Gram positive 2. Gram negative

34. Bacterial Infection of CVS Lab. Diagnosis Blood culture: To isolate the causative agent (s).

35. Bacterial Infection of CVS Treatment After performing sensitivity test.

36. Thank you