1. Cardiovascular System Mr.Royer

2. Function of the Cardiovascular system To transport nutrients and gases to different parts of the body.

3. Structure of the Cardiovascular system Heart- the pump - circulates the blood Blood vessels- the plumbing Blood- the fluid of life

4. Cardiovascular System known as the Cardiovascular system known as the Cardiovascular system - Cardio- Heart - Vascular- Blood Vessels

5. Heart Structure Strongest muscle in the body- never stops beating Located in the middle of the chest About size of your fist Pumps a drop of blood around the entire body in about 1 minute

6. Heart structure Heart is made up of 3 layers Pericardium (outer layer) - Fluid filled sac that cushions the heart and prevents irritation Myocardium-(middle layer) special muscle tissue cardiac muscle Endocardium-(inner lining) the tissue that lines inside the chambers of the heart.

7. Heart Structure The heart is divided into 4 chambers Atrium (upper two chambers-right and left) -blood enters the heart into these chambers Ventricles (lower two chambers-right and left) -blood exits the heart from these -chambers are larger and have thicker walls walls -left ventricle has the thickest walls-pumps blood out to the body

8. Heart Structure-Valves Valves- control the flow of blood in one direction Tricuspid valve –Between the rt atrium and rt ventricle Mitral valve -Between left atrium and left ventricle Semilunar Valves - Located inside the pulmonary artery and aorta

9. Blood Vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels 1. Arteries- largest blood vessels (largest is the Aorta) - carries blood away from the heart-under pressure - carries blood away from the heart-under pressure - all arteries carry oxygenated blood (red blood), - all arteries carry oxygenated blood (red blood), except for the pulmonary artery (blue blood) except for the pulmonary artery (blue blood)

10. Blood vessels 2. Veins - carry blood back to the heart - carry blood back to the heart - all veins carry deoxygenated (blue) blood, - all veins carry deoxygenated (blue) blood, except for the pulmonary vein except for the pulmonary vein

11. Blood vessels 3. Capillaries- tiniest blood vessels - attach small arteries to small veins - 1 mil long, 25 to make an inch, joined end to end would extend 62,000 miles end to end would extend 62,000 miles - allow the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between cells of the body and waste between cells of the body and blood and blood - this transfer, diffusion, occurs here because the walls are only one cell thick because the walls are only one cell thick

12. Problems of the Circulatory system Hypertension- high blood pressure, may increase the chance of stroke or heart attack Heart Attack- heart muscle is damaged by loss of blood to the heart, heart muscle dies Anemia- low hemoglobin or low iron Sickle cell anemia- RBC’s are sickle shaped and clump together Leukemia- blood imbalance. WBC’s attack the RBC’s Hemophilia- lack of the clotting factor- platelets-(bleeder’s disease)