1. TRANSITION TO MODERN AMERICA America: Past and Present Chapter 25

2. The Second Industrial Revolution U.S. develops the highest standard of living in the worldU.S. develops the highest standard of living in the world The twenties and the second revolutionThe twenties and the second revolution electricity replaces steamelectricity replaces steam modern assembly introducedmodern assembly introduced

3. The Automobile Industry Auto makers stimulate sales through model changes, advertisingAuto makers stimulate sales through model changes, advertising Auto industry fosters other businessesAuto industry fosters other businesses Autos encourage suburban sprawlAutos encourage suburban sprawl

4. Patterns of Economic Growth Structural changeStructural change professional managers replace individual entrepreneursprofessional managers replace individual entrepreneurs corporations become the dominant business formcorporations become the dominant business form Big business weakens regionalism, brings uniformity to AmericaBig business weakens regionalism, brings uniformity to America

5. Glenwood Stove Ad

6. Economic Weaknesses Railroads poorly managedRailroads poorly managed Coal displaced by petroleumCoal displaced by petroleum Farmers face decline in exports, pricesFarmers face decline in exports, prices Growing disparity between income of laborers, middle-class managersGrowing disparity between income of laborers, middle-class managers Middle class speculates with idle moneyMiddle class speculates with idle money

7. City Life in the Jazz Age Rapid increase in urban populationRapid increase in urban population Skyscrapers symbolize the new mass cultureSkyscrapers symbolize the new mass culture Communities of home, church, and school are absent in the citiesCommunities of home, church, and school are absent in the cities

8. Women and the Family Ongoing crusade for equal rightsOngoing crusade for equal rights “Flappers” seek individual freedom“Flappers” seek individual freedom Most women remain in domestic sphereMost women remain in domestic sphere Discovery of adolescenceDiscovery of adolescence teenaged children no longer need to workteenaged children no longer need to work indulge their craving for excitementindulge their craving for excitement

9. The Roaring Twenties Decade notable for obsessive interest in celebritiesDecade notable for obsessive interest in celebrities Sex becomes an all-consuming topic of interest in popular entertainmentSex becomes an all-consuming topic of interest in popular entertainment

10. The Flowering of the Arts Alienation from 20s’ mass cultureAlienation from 20s’ mass culture "Exiled" American writers put U.S. in forefront of world literature"Exiled" American writers put U.S. in forefront of world literature T.S. EliotT.S. Eliot Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald Harlem Renaissance--African Americans prominent in music, poetryHarlem Renaissance--African Americans prominent in music, poetry

11. The Rural Counterattack Rural Americans identify urban culture with Communism, crime, immoralityRural Americans identify urban culture with Communism, crime, immorality Progressives attempt to force reform on the American peopleProgressives attempt to force reform on the American people upsurge of bigotryupsurge of bigotry an era of repressionan era of repression

12. The Fear of Radicalism 1919-- “Red Scare”1919-- “Red Scare” illegal roundups of innocent peopleillegal roundups of innocent people forcible deportation of aliensforcible deportation of aliens terrorism against “radicals,” immigrantsterrorism against “radicals,” immigrants 1927-- Sacco and Vanzetti executed1927-- Sacco and Vanzetti executed

13. Prohibition 1918--18th Amendment ratified1918--18th Amendment ratified 1920--Volstead Act prohibits production, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages1920--Volstead Act prohibits production, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages Consumption of alcohol reducedConsumption of alcohol reduced Prohibition resented in urban areasProhibition resented in urban areas Bootlegging becomes big businessBootlegging becomes big business 1933--18th amendment repealed1933--18th amendment repealed

14. The Ku Klux Klan 1925--Klan membership hits 5 million1925--Klan membership hits 5 million Attack on urban culture, inhabitantsAttack on urban culture, inhabitants Defense of traditional rural valuesDefense of traditional rural values Klan seeks to win U.S. by persuasionKlan seeks to win U.S. by persuasion Violence, internal corruption result in Klan’s virtual disappearance by 1930Violence, internal corruption result in Klan’s virtual disappearance by 1930

15. Immigration Restriction 1924--Congress restricts all immigration1924--Congress restricts all immigration Preferential quotas to northern EuropeansPreferential quotas to northern Europeans Mexican immigrants exempt from quotaMexican immigrants exempt from quota

16. The Fundamentalist Challenge Fundamentalism: stress on traditional Protestant orthodoxy, biblical literalismFundamentalism: stress on traditional Protestant orthodoxy, biblical literalism 1925--Scopes Trial discredits fundamentalism among intellectuals1925--Scopes Trial discredits fundamentalism among intellectuals “Modernists” gain mainline churches“Modernists” gain mainline churches Fundamentalists strengthen grassroots appeal in new churchesFundamentalists strengthen grassroots appeal in new churches

17. Politics of the 1920s Republican party apparently dominantRepublican party apparently dominant Urban wing of the Democratic party emerging as the most powerful forceUrban wing of the Democratic party emerging as the most powerful force

18. Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover Republican presidents appeal to traditional American valuesRepublican presidents appeal to traditional American values Harding scandals break after his deathHarding scandals break after his death Coolidge represents America in his austerity and rectitudeCoolidge represents America in his austerity and rectitude Hoover represents the self-made manHoover represents the self-made man

19. Republican Policies Return to "normalcy"Return to "normalcy" tariffs raisedtariffs raised corporate, income taxes cutcorporate, income taxes cut spending cutspending cut Coolidge blocks Congressional aid to farmers as unwarranted interferenceCoolidge blocks Congressional aid to farmers as unwarranted interference Government-business cooperationGovernment-business cooperation Expansion of federal bureaucracyExpansion of federal bureaucracy

20. The Divided Democrats 1924--Urban-rural split weakens Democrats1924--Urban-rural split weakens Democrats Major shift in political loyaltiesMajor shift in political loyalties Democrats gain more Congressional seats than Republicans after 1922Democrats gain more Congressional seats than Republicans after 1922

22. The Election of 1928 Democrat Al Smith carries urban voteDemocrat Al Smith carries urban vote governor of New Yorkgovernor of New York Roman CatholicRoman Catholic Republican Herbert Hoover wins raceRepublican Herbert Hoover wins race MidwesternerMidwesterner ProtestantProtestant Religion the campaign’s decisive issueReligion the campaign’s decisive issue

24. The Old and the New Old historical view: the Depression ended the spirit of the twentiesOld historical view: the Depression ended the spirit of the twenties New historical view: the twenties laid the foundations of modern AmericaNew historical view: the twenties laid the foundations of modern America