1. 1 Technical Communications

2. 2 Objectives Understanding graphics as a communication tool Technical sketching Projections –Orthographic –Pictorial Sketching hints Lettering

3. 3 How Would You Describe This? In teams of two, describe using only words How effective is this approach?

4. 4 Freehand sketches Instrument drawings Computer drawings and models Three Basic Types of Technical Drawings

5. 5 Introduction to Projections Present 3-D objects with 2-D media Two Basic Categories Orthographic Pictorial

6. 6 Projections: Four Basic Types Orthographic Projections Axonometric ObliquePerspective Pictorials

7. 7 Orthographic Projections Collection of 2D drawings Accurately represent object Technical Graphics

8. 8 Orthographic Projection

9. 9 Defining the Six Principal Views or Orthographic Views

10. 10 Which Views to Present? General Guidelines –Pick a Front View that is most descriptive of object –Normally the longest dimension is chosen as the width (or depth) –Most common combination of views is to use: Front, Top, and Side View –Views other than the Principal Views are called Auxiliary Views

11. 11

12. 12 Conventional Orthographic Views Height Depth Width Front View Top View Right Side View

13. 13 Hidden Lines – represent features that cannot be seen in the current view Centerlines – represent symmetry and mark the center of circles, the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as bolts Hidden and Center Lines in Orthographic Projections Object Lines – represent visible features for an object

14. 14 For Example: 1. Visible 2. Hidden 3. Center

15. 15 Front View Right Side View Top View Creating the Orthographic Projection Sketch

16. 16 Step 1 – Lightly Block Three Views Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines

17. 17 Step 2 – Lightly Block Major Features Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines Holes Arcs Cutouts

18. 18 Step 3 – Refine and Locate Features in All Views Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines

19. 19 Step 4 – Add Final Lines Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines

20. 20 Completed Sketch

21. 21 Add Another View Sketch the left side view of the object Compare your view with the others at your table

22. 22 Add Another View Does yours look something like this?

23. 23 Lettering Notes Lettering Guidelines – Technical Graphics: Chapter 1 Lettering Styles –Shape of Letters –Order of drawing lines Character Uniformity Spacing

24. 24 Lettering – Vertical Gothic Font

25. 25 Sketching Tips: General Relax and draw in a direction comfortable to you Mark end points of the lines to be sketched and draw between them Draw long lines as a series of short ones Use grid paper when available Follow sketching and text conventions Do NOT use a straight edge to draw lines!

26. 26 Sketching Tips: Construction Lines Use construction lines Begin by drawing bounding boxes with construction lines Make construction lines much lighter and thinner than finished lines Identify the major features and overall dimensions Leave construction lines on the sketch

27. 27 Sketching Tips: Miscellaneous Do not shade the drawing – this is not pencil sketching Title information is required Keep views aligned (very important) Include centerlines on isometrics Avoid labels on the sketch Draw neat circles – change page orientation if needed

28. 28 Creating Production Drawings Goals Understand production drawings, including detail drawings and assembly drawings Reference Technical Graphics

29. 29 Mechanical Production Drawings Production drawings (sometimes called Working drawings) are the complete set of drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product. Generally consists of multiple drawings, on multiple sheets. A title block appears on each sheet. May contain written instructions called specifications.

30. 30 Set of Production Drawings A set of Production Drawings has three main parts: 1.Detail drawings of each non-standard part, usually one part per "sheet". 2.An assembly drawing (or subassembly drawings) showing all parts in a single drawing. 3.A bill of materials (BOM). This is essentially a parts list.

31. 31 Reading Production Drawings Our first goal is to learn how to read a set of production or working drawings. Example: simple fingernail clipper

32. 32 Example 1 – Assembly Drawing

33. 33 Full Section View

34. 34 Detailed Part Drawing: Rivet

35. 35 Detailed Part Drawing: Bottom Clipper

36. 36 Assembly Drawing

37. 37AU 2006 Example 2 – Butterfly Valve Isometric Half- sectioned isometric Exploded

38. Individual Part Drawings