1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Single Carrier PHY for 60-GHz WPAN] Date Submitted: [January 13, 2006] Source: [Ichihiko Toyoda, Yasuo Suzuki, Kenjiro Nishikawa, and Tomohiro Seki] Company [NTT] Address [1-1 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239-0847, Japan] Voice:[+81-46-859-2366], FAX: [+81-46-855-1497], E-Mail:[toyoda.ichihiko@lab.ntt.co.jp] Re: [] Abstract:[We discuss a modulation scheme for IEEE802.15.3c WPAN and evaluate a single carrier modulation using FSK/MSK and discriminator detection.] Purpose:[To discuss suitable modulation scheme for IEEE802.15.3c PHY] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 2 Single Carrier PHY for 60-GHz WPAN Ichihiko Toyoda, Yasuo Suzuki, Kenjiro Nishikawa, and Tomohiro Seki (NTT)

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 3 Target Applications Simple high-speed connections between PCs and peripherals (GbE, IEEE1394, USB…) High-speed multimedia connections, heavy content downloads (video, music…) Office applications, ad-hoc meeting…

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 4 Application Requirements High speed connection (> 2 Gbit/s) Low power consumption Small size

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 5 Characteristics of 60-GHz Band Broad bandwidth available. Practical small high-gain antennas. Large propagation loss. Underdeveloped mmW RF parts.

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 6 Comparison of Modulation Schemes ASK FSK (MSK) PSKQAM BPSKQPSK8PSK16QAM64QAM Frequency Efficiency (bit/s/Hz) 0.50.61.21.82.33.5 C/N (dB) (BER=10 -5 ) 16.1 (Envelope det.) 9.6 (coherent det.) 10.3 (differential det., discriminator det.) 9.6 (coherent det.) 10.3 (diff. det.) 12.6 (coherent det.) 15.6 (diff. det.) 17.9 (coherent det.) 20.9 (diff. det.) 22.1 (coherent det.) 26.6 (coherent det.) TX amp. Back-off SmallNonSmallLarge

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 7 Bandwidth or Power efficiency? Trade-off between frequency and power efficiency. Power efficiency essential for WPAN applications. Frequency efficiency not critical in 60-GHz band due to broad bandwidth. Binary modulation suitable for WPAN applications. FSK/MSK enables use of PAs in high-efficiency regions.

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 8 SC-modulation or OFDM? Directional antennas essential in 60-GHz band due to large propagation loss. This results in less multi-path fading. Underdeveloped mmW RF parts, such as PA and LO. However, OFDM requires large back-off for PAs and high stability and low phase noise for LOs. OFDM requires complex signal processing which consumes more electricity.

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 9 Channel Plan Binary modulation requires wide bandwidth. 4 independent channels cannot be allocated in 7 GHz. Overlapped allocation is OK due to large propagation loss and low power operation. Another option is multi-value modulation like 4FSK and QPSK. 5966

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 10 Link Budget

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 11 Link Budget Required C/N = Theoretical C/N + Implementation loss (3 dB) + Inter Symbol Interference (3 dB)

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 12 Performance Evaluation Assume 2-ray model. Delay time (  ) much greater than symbol period (T). Reflected level lower than -20 dB to direct signal. † † T. Hirose, “Study of mm wave propagation modeling to realize WPANs,” IEEE802.15-03/0465-00-mmwi t  >>T Direct signal Ricean (K=20 dB) Delay signal Rayleigh 20 dB

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 13 Performance Evaluation Directional antennas effectively reduce the effect of multi- path fading. Degradation by multi-path fading is less than 2 dB.

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06/0007r0 Submission January 2006 Ichihiko Toyoda, NTTSlide 14 Conclusion Power efficiency is the most important factor for mmW WPAN. Broad bandwidth is available in 60-GHz band. Directional antennas are essential due to the large propagation loss in 60-GHz band. These reduce multi-path fading effect. Single carrier modulation system is sufficient for WPAN system.