1. English 10 Literature Lesson #33 Mr. Rinka Poetry Introduction & Review

2. Ballad A song or songlike poem that tells a story. In Scarlet Town, where I was born, There was a fair maid dwellin' Made every lad cry wellaway, And her name was Barbara Allen. “Barbara Allen's Cruelty” Anonymous. 17th Cent.

3. Haiku A brief unrhymed, three-lined poem developed in Japan in the 1600’s. An old pond! A frog jumps in- The sound of water. Matsuo Basho

4. Lyric Poetry Songlike poetry that expresses private emotions or thoughts. I heard a fly buzz when I died; The stillness round my form Was like the stillness in the air Between the heaves of storm. “Dying” Emily Dickinson

5. Ode A complex, generally lengthy lyric poem on a serious subject. My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk: “Ode to a Nightingale” John Keats

6. Pastoral Poetry Poetry that depicts rustic life in idealized terms. Come live with me and be my Love, And we will all the pleasures prove That hills and valleys, dale and field, And all the craggy mountains yield. “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” Christopher Marlowe

7. Prose Poetry Poetry written in prose form but using poetic devices to express a single emotion or idea. Loveliest of trees, the cherry now Is hung with bloom along the bough, And stands about the woodland ride Wearing white for Eastertide. “Loveliest of trees, the cherry now” A. E. Housman

8. Sonnet A 14 lines poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one or several traditional rhyme schemes.

9. Sonnet http://www.cranberrydesigns.com/poetry/sonnet/examples.htm http://www.cranberrydesigns.com/poetry/sonnet/examples.htm

10. Alliteration The repetition of consonant sound in words that are close to one another. The moan of doves in immemorial elms, And murmuring of innumerable bees. “The Princess: Come down, O Maid” Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)

11. Assonance The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together. moon – boot – doom bat – man - cap

12. Blank Verse Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do? I saw it go Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then Merrily over-there it is in the water! “The Ball Poem” John Berryman

13. Couplet Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. Behold the hippopotamus! We laugh at how he looks to us, And yet in moments dank and grim, I wonder how we look to him. “The Hippopotamus” Ogden Nash

14. Free Verse Poetry that has no regular meter or rhyme scheme. Running through a field of clover Stop to pick a daffodil I play he loves me, loves me not, The daffy lies, it says he does not love me! Well, what use a daffy When Jimmy gives me roses? By Flora Launa

15. Meter A generally regular poetic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Two house / holds, both / a like / in dig / ni ty, In fair / Ver on / a, where / we lay / our scene, From an /cient grudge / break to / new mu / ti ny, Where ci /vil blood / makes ci / vil hands / un clean. Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare

16. Refrain A repeated word, phrase, line or group of lines. And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; “The Raven” Edgar Allan Poe

17. Rhyme The repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together. Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. “Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening” Robert Frost

18. End Rhyme Rhyme that occurs at the end of a line of poetry. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. “Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening” Robert Frost

19. Internal Rhyme Rhyme that occurs within a line or lines of poetry. I wield the flail of the lashing hail, And whiten the green plains under, And then again I dissolve it in rain, And laugh as I pass in thunder. “THE CLOUD” Percy Bysshe Shelley

20. Approximate Rhyme Words that are similar but do not exactly rhyme. He who the ox to wrath has moved never be by woman loved “Auguries of Innoncence” William Blake

21. Stanza A group of lines in a poem that forms a single unit. Where true Love burns Desire is Love's pure flame; It is the reflex of our earthly frame, That takes its meaning from the nobler part, And but translates the language of the heart. “Desire” Samuel Taylor Coleridge

22. Poetry Meter & Rhyme

23. POETRY FORM Form - the appearance of the words on the page. Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. “Fire and Ice” -Robert Frost

24. POETRY FORM Line - a group of words together on one line of the poem O I have been dilatory and dumb, I should have made my way straight to you long ago, I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothing but you. “To You” Walt Whitman

25. POETRY FORM Stanza - a group of lines together. “THE SHEPHERD” How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot! From the morn to the evening he stays; He shall follow his sheep all the day, And his tongue shall be filled with praise. For he hears the lambs' innocent call, And he hears the ewes' tender reply; He is watching while they are in peace, For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. William Blake

26. KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet=a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet)=a three line stanza Quatrain=a four line stanza Quintet=a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet)=a six line stanza Septet=a seven line stanza Octave=an eight line stanza

27. RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. Rhythm can be created by meter and rhyme.

28. RHYTHM I THINK that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree. “Trees’ – Joyce Kilmer

29. Meter Meter = stressed and unstressed syllables of words in a poem arranged in repeating patterns. Poets count out the number of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables for each line. Poets repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

30. Meter Foot = a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables consisting of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

31. Meter Types of Meter Iambic / - - / / unstressed stressed / Trochaic / - - / / stressed unstressed / Anapestic / - - - / / unstressed unstressed stressed / Dactylic / - - - / / stressed unstressed unstressed /

32. Meter - Metrical Lines monometer=one foot per line dimeter=two feet per line trimeter =three feet per line tetrameter=four feet per line pentameter=five feet per line hexameter=six feet per line heptameter=seven feet per line octometer=eight feet per line

33. Meter - Iambic Tetrameter Introduction to Milton - William Blake And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England's mountains green? And was the holy Lamb of God On England's pleasant pastures seen? And did / those feet / in an / cient time Walk up / on Eng / land's moun / tains green? And was / the ho /ly Lamb / of God On Eng / land's plea / sant pas / tures seen?

34. Meter – Trochaic Tetrameter Hiawatha’s Childhood - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow By the shores of Gitche Gumee, By the shining Big-Sea-Water, Stood the wigwam of Nokomis, Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis. By the / shores of / Git che / Gu mee, By the / shi ning / Big- Sea- / Wa ter, Stood the / wig wam / of No / ko mis, Daugh ter / of the / Moon, No / ko mis.

35. Meter – Anapestic Tetrameter The Destruction of Sennacherib – Lord Byron The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee. The As syri / an came down / like a wolf / on the fold And his co / horts were gleam /ing in pur / ple and gold

36. Meter – Dactylic Tetrameter The Lost Leader by Robert Browning Just for a handful of silver he left us, Just for a riband to stick in his coat – Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us, Lost all the others she lets us devote; Just for a / hand ful of / sil ver he / left us, Just for a / ri band to / stick in his / coat –

37. FREE VERSE POETRY Free Verse poetry has no repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Free Verse poetry does not rhyme. I buried my father in my heart. Now he grows in me, my strange son, My little root who won’t drink milk, Little pale foot sunk in unheard-of night, Little clock spring newly wet In the fire, little grape, parent to the future Wine, a son the fruit of his own son, Little father I ransom with my life. Little Father by Li-Young Lee

38. BLANK VERSE POETRY Poetry written in iambic pentameter without end rhyme. When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy's been swinging them. But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay “Birches” - ROBERT FROST

39. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME I THINK that I shall never see ----------------------- A A poem lovely as a tree. --------------------------- A A tree whose hungry mouth is prest --------------- B Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; ---------- B A tree that looks at God all day, ------------------- C And lifts her leafy arms to pray; -------------------- C A tree that may in summer wear ------------------- D A nest of robins in her hair; ------------------------- D Upon whose bosom snow has lain; ---------------- E Who intimately lives with rain. ---------------------- E Poems are made by fools like me, ----------------- A But only God can make a tree. -------------------- A Trees – Joyce Kilmer

40. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME "Hope" is the thing with feathers— ------------------- A That perches in the soul— ---------------------------- B And sings the tune without the words— ------------- C And never stops—at all— ---------------------------- D And sweetest—in the Gale—is heard— ------------- E And sore must be the storm— ------------------------ F That could abash the little Bird ----------------------- E That kept so many warm— --------------------------- F I've heard it in the chillest land— -------------------- G And on the strangest Sea— -------------------------- H Yet, never, in Extremity, ------------------------------- H It asked a crumb—of Me. ---------------------------- H "Hope" is the thing with feathers – Emily Dickinson

41. English 10 Literature Lesson #33 Mr. Rinka Poetry Introduction & Review