1. Security & Cooperation

2. SECURITY CHALLENGES

3. Increase in Arms Transfers Cold War, post-CW UNSC P5+1 UN ATT proposal The world's 5 largest military spenders in 2013 according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. [1]Stockholm International Peace Research Institute [1]

4. Increase in Severity: Technology http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2008/12/92_nations_sign_treaty_to_ban.html

5. Focus, Frequency Change in focus of security ◦ Guns and bombs  human security Increase in frequency ◦ Decolonization ◦ Civil unrest  map

6. http://bpm-americas.blogspot.com/2010/03/summary-para-states-quasi-states-and.html

7. Consequences of Conflict: Syria http://news.usni.org/2014/01/21/document-u-s-response-syria

8. Consequences of Conflict: Syria History More than 3.2m have fled Syria http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360 66,000 fled in one day into Turkey http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-29301123 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-29301123 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360

9. Consequences of Conflict http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28541909 a Syrian refugee camp in Jordan for 600,000+ people

10. Consequences of Conflict What are the int’l consequences of conflict? ◦ Spill-over effect ◦ Creates hostilities ◦ Interferes with trade ◦ Forestalls development ◦ Emigration ◦ Intervention issues ¤

11. THREATS

12. By States War Acts of aggression ◦ Russia Russia Special operations Covert Espionage Support insurgents ¤ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24690055

13. Across States: Int’l Terrorism What is terrorism? Int’l terrorism ◦ Organize, attack across borders  Al-Shabab  IS Reaction to perceived threats ◦ Colonization, westernization State-sponsored terrorism  Rwanda  M23 Congo rebels  Iran   Hezbollah (Shia) in Lebanon  Houthis (Shia) in Yemen ¤ http://warnewsupdates.blogspot.com/2012/05/us-involvement-in-yemens-war-against- al.html

14. Within States: Domestic Terrorism Lack political representation Objectives ◦ Attention ◦ Challenge gov’t  Coup d’état  Assassinations  Guerrilla warfare ◦ Independence  Basques- Eta Is domestic opposition terrorism?  Freedom fighters v. terrorists ¤ Peru’s Shining Path

15. Piracy Peaked in 2011 Since dropped Int’l waters More common near ‘troubled’ states ◦ Somalia ◦ Nigeria ¤ http://www.economist.com/node/18061574

16. Piracy Article Piracy Article Sovereignty ◦ Somalia- failed state v. Nigeria- territorial waters GS economic issues ◦ Funding campaigns; illegal, and terrorist activities Int’l cooperation ◦ UNSC ◦ Regional IGOs ◦ Lack resources ◦ East more trafficked  In east, not west ¤