1. 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano Applied Cryodetectors Research Training Network funded by the European Commission's 5th Framework programme Improving Human Potential Carlo Pelliciari INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy

2. What I am going to show A brief C.V. Present position The XACT facility Fixed exit X-ray monochromator system RTN project: Microcalorimeter array development for X-ray astronomy Conclusions 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

3. Something about me 1996: Graduate on Physics @ University of Ferrara (Italy): “Fixed-exit monochromator for hard X-ray beams (8-130 keV) for astrophysics instrumentation tests”; 1997: 9 months fellowship @ DSRI (Denmark) : characterization of X-ray single-layer and multilayer mirrors; 1998 - 2001: Research Contracts @ University of Ferrara (Italy), Physics department: X ray optics development, realization of a X ray monochromator system, upgrading of the X-ray facility, JEM-X detector calibration (INTEGRAL project); 2002 - 2003: European fellowship (1y) + RTN Contract (1y) @ CEA/SAp(France): development and characterization of micro- calorimeter for X-ray astronomy. 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

4. Present position Research Contract @ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico G.S.Vaiana, Palermo, Italy Development of a Monochromator System for the X-ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing (XACT) Facility 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

5. XACT Facility The X ray source is a multi-anode system able to mounting up to 6 anodes and 4 filters. Flux = 10 5 ph/s/cm 2 @ 16 meters. Energy range: 0.1 - 20 keV: Cu(0.93; 8.04), Fe(6.4), Cr(5.41), Ti(4.51), Al(1.49), C (0.28) … 20 25 30 35 4050 55 63 100 X ray source Test chamber 100 200 20 100 200 50 100 18 m 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano clean room (1000 class) X ray source test chamber (Ø=1 m) Vacuum tube (10 -6 mbar)

6. 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano XACT: the cryostat Bmax = 2.3 T 1.Pumping on air (1 night) 2.Pumping on LHe and LN 2 (2 hours) 3.Isothermal Magnetization (2 hours) 4.Adiabatic Demagnetization (30 min) Tmeas ~ 45 mK Tpred = 43 mK 30 40 50 60 DATA

7. What I am doing Monochromator system for XACT facility The system will provide a monochromatic beam in the full energy range: 0.1 - 20 keV; Energy resolution:  E / E = 10% ; Fixed position of the monochromatic beam at all energies; It is based on double Bragg diffraction; Beam section: 60 x 60 cm 2 @ 20 meters; We plane to mount the system soon and to run the first tests in January 2005. Some results 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

8. Applied Cryodetectors Network contract (HPRN-CT-2002-00322) Research Training Network 5th Framework programme: Improving Human Potential Microcalorimeter array development for X-ray astronomy CEA / DSM-DAPNIA / SAp (Commisariat à l’Energie Atomique / Direction des Science de la Matière- Dep. Astrophysique,Particule, Nucléaire et Instrumentation Associée / Service d’Astrophysique) 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

9. CEA/SAp  - calorimeter array development for X-ray astronomy Philosophy: realisation of a  -calorimeter from the modification of existing bolometer arrays for IR instruments. Advantages: tested standard collective silicon technologies. The sensor will be adapted increasing the implanted dose (Phosphorus, 40% Boron compensation) from 1-10 G  @ 300 mK° to 1- 10 M  @ 50-100 mK°. Absorber candidate: Tantalum. Indium bump hybridization process allows a self alignment between the absorbers and the sensors. 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

10.  calorimeter 2D array Resistive Mesa Si thermometer Silicon Micro-etching technology 6- Al Deposit and Etching on the thermo contacts. Scheme of the MESA process on a double SOI substrate 1-Thermometer Implantation 2-Diffusion of the thermometer implantation 3-Contact Implantation and Diffusion 4-Etching of the Thermometer 5-Etching of the first SOI dioxide Microcalorimeter structure 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

11. CEA/DTA/LETI Grenoble, France. Microcalorimeter CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/Edelweiss group Saclay, France. Dilution Cryostat Setup Synergy CEA / DSM/ DAPNIA / SAp, Saclay, France. 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano 25  m thick Ta foil glued on sensor plate Wafer Matrix

12. Acquisition data setup TRMC2: Temperature Regulator and Measurement Controller 2. PC1: TRMC2 interface. PC1-PC2 link is established only during test campaign. PC2: acquisition data; it has read/write permission on PC1 Internet link 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano Relay board high insulation

13. Measurements 01 02 05 04 01 0504 02 15 sensor / 4 matrix of the same wafer. 3.75 10 18 atoms/cm 3 P implantation, B 40% compensation. Gap betweens curves  circular implantation “04” Curve fitting (Efros and Shklovskii): R = R 0 e(T 0 /T)  ; R 0 = 6 k , T 0 = 40 K,  = 0.48 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano thermistor Heating resistor Feedback resistor

14. Conclusions 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano The mobility of the researchers can give the opportunity to establish fruitful international contacts and collaborations. Some examples in my experience: Symbol X: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (H.E. detector) – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy (X ray optics); Bolometers: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (micro calorimeter technology) – INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy (absorber tests and modeling); Fixed Exit Beam Monochromator: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (experience in monochromator elements) - INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy (Monochromator design and construction);

15. Article Development of a microcalorimeter array for wide energy band X-ray astronomy Pelliciari, C. / Agnese, P. / Navick, X.F. / Pigot, C. / Sauvageot, J.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Mar 2004 Microcalorimeter array development for X-ray astronomy Pigot, C. / Agnese, P. / Navick, X.F. / Pelliciari, C. / Sauvageot, J.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, May 2003

16. Monochromator elements Energy range: from 10 up to 20 keV few fluorescence lines continuum Energy range: from 0.1 up to 10 keV fluorescence lines; We investigated several materials as candidate for monochromators with different geometry (flat, concave and convex with different curvature radius). Monochromator/energy (keV) 0.10.30.50.71.02.05.010.020.0 Graphite mosaic 0.4° Graphite mosaic 3.5° Silicon, Germanium mosaic 120” TlAP (organic) Multilayers ( Mo/Si, W/Si) Gratings ? 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

17. Simulation results  = standard deviation of mosaic distribution;  = 2.355  ;  B = Bragg angle; r concave/convex = curvature radius 1 st and 2 nd crystal; xl z dim: z crystal dimension (mm); xls prj: crystal dimension projection (seen from source) div (rad): angular spread 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

18. Beam features: Graphite 10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano monochromator