1. Forelimb Muscles
Dr. Z. Tootian D.V.M, Ph.D

2. Thorasic Limb
Extrinsic Muscles
Intrinsic Muscles

3. Protractor Muscles Serratus Ventralis Cervicis Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius

4. Retractor Muscles Serratus Ventralis Thorasis Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Assendence

5. Adductor Muscles Pectoralis Superficialis Pectoralis Dessendence
Pectoralis Transverse
Pectoralis Profundus
Pectoralis Assendence
Subclavius

6. Abductor Muscles
Trapezius
Rhomboideus

7. Muscles of the Shoulder

8. Flexor Muscles of the Shoulder
Infraspinous
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus

9. Extensor Muscles of the Shoulder
Supraspinous

10. Muscles of the Elbow

11. Flexor Muscles of the Elbow
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis

12. Extensor Muscles of the Elbow
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Tensor Fascia Antebrachii

13. Muscles of the Carp & Digits

14. Extensor Muscles of the Carp & Digits
Extensor Carpiradialis
Extensor Carpiulnaris
Extensor Carpiobliqus
Extensor Digitorum Commonis
Extensor Digitorum Lateralis

15. Flexor Muscles of the Carp & Digits
Flexor Carpiradialis
Flexor Carpiulnaris
Pronator Teres
Supinator Teres
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus

16. Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle Dorsal Division 1st Layer
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Trapezius
Cervical Part
Thoracic Part
Nucal Lig.
Spine of Scapula
Nerve: Accessory Nerve
Blood:
Action: Fix the shoulder/ Abducts and draws limb forward

17. TRAPEZIUS
(Cervical Part)
Trapezius
(thoracic part)

18. Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle Dorsal Division/ 2nd Layer
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Rhomboideus
Thoracis Part
Cervicis Part
Capital Part (car. only)
Nucal Lig.
Medial Surface of Scapular Cartilage
Nerve: Dorsal & Ventral Branches of Cervical and Thoracic Nerve
Blood:
Action: Draws Limb Forward and Fixes Scapula against the trunk / Elevate Limb and Neck

19. Rhomboideus
Horse

20. Rhomboideus Capitis
Dog

21. Teres Major Tuberosity of Humerus
Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle Dorsal Division 2nd Layer
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Teres Major Tuberosity of Humerus
Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Blood:
Action: Draws Limb Backward/ Antagonist to the Brachiocephalic Muscle

22. Latissimus dorsi

23. Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle Ventral Division
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Brachiocephalicus
a. Cleidobrachialis
b. Cleidocephalicus
Mastoid Process &
Nuchal Crest
Deltoid Tuberosity
&
Crest of Humerus
Nerve: Accessory & Axillary Nerve
Blood:
Action: Protract the forelimb & Flex the neck lateraly

24. Brachiocephalicus Horse Cleidobrachialis Cleidocephalicus:
1. Cleidomastoideus
Ruminant
2. Cleidooccipitalis
Carnivorus
2. Cleidocervicalis

25. Cleidobrachialis (Omotransversarius)
Horse
Cleidobrachialis (Omotransversarius)
Cleidomastoideus

26. Clavicular Intersection
Bovine
Cleido occipitalis
Cleidomastoidus
Clavicular Intersection
Cleidobrachialis

27. Cleidocervicalis
Cleidobrachialis
Dog

28. Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle Ventral Division
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Cerratus ventralis
Cervical Part
Thoracic Part
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Scapula
Nerve: Long Thoracic
Blood:
Action: Fix the body between forelimbs & elevate the thorax

29. Cerratus Ventralis Cervicis Cerratus Ventralis thoracis

30. Adductor Muscles of the Forelimb
Pectoral Group Muscles:
Pectoralis Superficialis:
Pectoralis Desendence
Pectoralis Transverse
Pectoralis Profundus:
a. Pectoralis Ascendence
b. Subclavius

31. Adductor Muscles of the Forelimb
Pectoralis Superficialis
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Pectoralis Dessendence
Cartilage of the Sternum
Deltoid Tuberosity &
Crest of Humerus
Nerve: Pectoral Nerve
Blood:
Action: adduct the thoracic Limb & extend the Shoulder

32. Pectoralis Desendence

33. Adductor Muscles of the Forlimb
Pectoralis Superficialis
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Pectoralis Trnsvervse
Sternum
Cranial surface of humerus
Nerve: Pectoral Nerve
Blood:
Action: adduct the thoracic Limb & extend the shoulder

34. Pectoralis Transverse

35. Adductor Muscles of the Ftorelimb
Pectoralis Profundus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Pectoralis Ascendence
Xiphoid Cartilage
&
Ventral Aspect of Humerus
Greater & Lesser Tubercle of Humerus &
Coracobrachialis tendon
Nerve: cranial & caudal Pectoral Nerve+ Intercostal + Musculocotaneus Nerve
Blood: Internal & External Thoracic + Superficial Cervical+ Cranial Circumflex Humeral+ Brachial+ Ventral intercostal artery
Action: adduct & Retract the thoracic Limb

36. Pectoralis Ascendence

37. Muscles of the Shoulder
Lateral Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Deltoideus
Scapular Part
Acromial Part
(Rum., Car.)
Spine of Scapula
Deltoid Tuberosity
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Blood: Subscapular Artery
Action: Flex the shoulder joint & Abduct the Arm

38. Deltoideus

39. Muscles of the Shoulder
Lateral Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Supraspinus
Supraspinuss Fossa of scapula
Greater & Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve
Blood: Suprascapular a., Caudal Circumflex Humeral a., Circumflex scapular Artery
Action: Extend the shoulder joint

40. Supraspinatus

41. Muscles of the Shoulder
Lateral Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 3
Inrfraspinous
Infraspinous Fossa
Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Nerve: Suprscapular Nerve
Blood: Subscapular Artery
Action: Abduct the arm & lateral rotation

42. Infraspinatus

43. Muscles of the Shoulder
Lateral Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 4
Teres Minor
Caudal Border of Scapula
Deltoid Tuberosity
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Blood: Subscapular Artery & audal Circomflex artery
Action: Flex the shoulder joint & Abduct the Arm

44. Teres Minor

45. Muscles of the Shoulder
Medial Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Subscapularis
Scapular Fossa
Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
Nerve: Axillary Nerve , Subscapular & cranial Pectoral Nerve
Blood: Subscapular Artery, Suprascapular & cranial Circumflumerusex Humeral Artery
Action: Adduct the Humerus

46. Subscapularis

47. Muscles of the Shoulder
Medial Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Teres Major
Caudal Angel & Border of Scapula
Teres Major Tuberosity
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Blood: Subscapular Artry, Brachial, Cranial Circumflex Humeral Artery
Action: Flex the shoulder joint & Adduct the Arm

48. Teres Major

49. Muscles of the Shoulder
Medial Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 3
Coracobrachialis
Coracoid Process of Scapula
Teres Major Tuberosity of Humerus
Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Blood: Brachial, Cranial Circumflex Humeral Artery
Action: Flex the shoulder joint & Adduct the Arm

50. Coracobrachialis

51. Muscles of the Shoulder
Medial Group:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 4
Articular Humeri
Scapula
Head & Body Of Humerus
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Blood: Caudal Circumflex Humeral Artery
Action: Protect the Shoulder Joint

52. Muscles of the Arm 1 Biceps Brachii Supraglenoid Tubercle
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Biceps Brachii
Supraglenoid Tubercle
Radial Tuberosity & Medial collateral Ligament of Elbow
Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Blood: Brachial & Transverse Cubital Artery
Action: Flex the elbow + Fix the shoulder & Elbow+ Assist the extensor carpiradialis

53. Biceps Brachii

54. Brachial Groove of Humerus
Muscles of the Arm
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Brachialis
Brachial Groove of Humerus
Radial Tuberosity
Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Blood: Brachial Artery
Action: Flex the elbow Joint

55. Brachialis

56. Muscles of the Arm 3 Tensor Fascia Antebrachii
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 3
Tensor Fascia Antebrachii
Caudal Border of Scapula
Oleocranon
&
Deep fascia of the forarm
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: scapular + Collateral Ulnar + Deep Brachial + Thoracodorsal
Action: Extensor of the elbow

57. Tensor Fascia Antebrachi

58. Muscles of the Arm 4. Triceps Brachii Long Head Lateral Head
Medial Head

59. Muscles of the Arm Triceps Muscle: 4/1 Long Head
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion
4/1
Long Head
Caudal Border of Scapula
Oleocranon Tuberosity
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: Subscapular & deep Brachial Artery
Action: Flex the shoulder joint & Extend the elbow

60. Long Head of Triceps

61. Oleocranon Tuberosity
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps Muscle:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion
4/2
Lateral Head
Deltoid Tuberosity
Oleocranon Tuberosity
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: Subscapular & deep Brachial Artery
Action: Flex the shoulder joint & Extend the elbow

62. Lateral Head of Triceps

63. Oleocranon Tuberosity
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps Muscle:
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion
4/3
Medial Head
Medial of Humerus
&
Ters Major Tuberosity
Oleocranon Tuberosity
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: Deep Brachial Artery & Collateral Ulnar
Action: Extend the elbow

64. Medial Head of Triceps

65. Oleocranon Fossa of Humrus
Muscles of the Arm
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 5
Anconeus
Oleocranon Fossa of Humrus
Oleocranon
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: Deep Brachial Artery
Action: Extend the elbow

66. Anconeous

67. Dog Cervical Part of Trapezius What is the name of this muscle?
Cleidocervicalis
What is the name of this muscle?
What is the name of this muscle?
Acromial Part of deltoid
Dog

68. Muscles of the Forearm & Manus

69. Extensor Group

70. Extensor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Extensor Carpi radialis
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Metacarpal Tuberosity
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood:Transverse Cubital Artery
Action: Flex the Elbow, Extend & Fix the carp

71. Extensor Carpiradialis

72. Extensor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Extensor Digitorum Commonis
Med. Belly
Lat. Belly
In Car.: 5 Tendon
In Rum.: 2 Tendon
In Eq.: 1 Tendon
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Extensor Process of distal phalanx
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: Radial + Cranial interoseus + Transverse Cubital Artery
Action: Flex the Elbow, Extend the carpus & digits

73. Extensor digitorum Commonis

74. Extensor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 3
Extensor Digitorum Lateralis
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
1st digit
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood: Cranial interoseus + Transverse Cubital Artery
Action: Extend the digits & carpus

75. Extensor digitorum Lateraris

76. Extensor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 4
Extensor Carpi Obliqus
Lateral of Radius
Head of 2nd Metacarp
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood:Transverse Cubital & Cranial interosseus Artery
Action: Extend the carpus

77. Flexor Group

78. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 1
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Proximal on 3rd Metacarpal Bone
Nerve: Median Nerve
Blood: Median & Brachial Artery
Action: Extend the Elbow, Flex the carp

79. Flexor Carpi Radialis

80. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 2
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Ulnar Head
Humeral Head
Oleocranon
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Accessory Carpal Bone
Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Blood:
Action: Extend the Elbow, Flex the carp

81. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris(Ulnar Head) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris(Humeral Head)

82. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 3
Ulnaris Lateralis (Extensor Carpi Ulnaris)
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Accessory Carpal Bone
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Blood:Caudal interosseus, Collateral Ulnar, Median & Brachial Artery
Action: Extensor of the Elbow, Flex the carp

83. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Ulnaris Lateralis)

84. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 4
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
a. Superficial Part
b. Deep Part
Medial Epicondyle of Humrus
Palamr Surface of Middle Phalax
Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Blood: Median, Caudal Interosseus, Brachial Artery
Action: Flex the Digits & Carpus, Extend The Elbow

85. Superficial part of Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep part of Flexor digitorum superficialis

86. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 5
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Radial Head
Humeral Head
Ulnar Head
Radius
Med. epicondyle of Humerus
ulna
Flexor Tubercle of distal Phalanx
Nerve: Ulnar , Median Nerve
Blood: Median, Collateral ulnar, Brachial Artery
Action: Flex the Digits & Carpus, Extend The Elbow

87. Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

88. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 6
Lumbricales
Arround the tendon of Flexor digitorum profundus
Fibrous tissue
Nerve: Median , Ulnar Nerve
Blood: Palmar Metacarpal a.
Action: نامحسوس

89. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 7
Interossei
Metacarpal bone
Fetlock Fascia
Action: نامحسوس

90. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 8
Pronator Teres
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Medial Border of Humerus
Action: حرکت به داخل

91. Pronator Teres

92. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 9
Supinator Teres
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Lateral Border of Humerus
Action: حرکت به خارج

93. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 10
Supinator Long
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Antebrachial Fascia

94. Flexor Muscles of the Forearm & Manus
No.
Name
Origin
Insertion 11
Supinator Short
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Medial border of radius
Action: نامحسوس