1. Compost : As a Component of INM. Next

2. Introduction Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost : As a Component of INM Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. NextEnd

3. S. No.ParametersQuantity 1.Organic matter70 % 2.pH7.5 3.Organic carbon33.11% 4.Nitrogen1.82 % 5.Phosphorus1.29 % 6.Potassium1.25 % 7.Fe (ppm)1019 8.Mn (ppm)111 9.Cu (ppm)180 10.Zn (ppm)280 Nutrient profile of Compost Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

4. Benefits of Compost In addition to, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, certain micronutrients viz. manganese, copper, iron, and zinc also found in compost which helps them to control diseases and insects. Compost improves the quality of soil, and for this reason it is considered as a soil conditioner. Compost improves the structure and texture of the soil enable them to retain nutrients, moisture, and air for the betterment of growth of plants. It contains a variety of the basic nutrients required for healthy growth of plants. Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

5. Mechanism of Composting Composting is a biochemical process in which aerobic and anaerobic microorganism decomposes organic matter into valuable manure called as compost. Organic matter Release heat (Thermophilic state, which helps to destroy pathogens) Temp 55-60 o c Organic mattercompost ( Mesophilic state,Temp. 25- 30o c, promote mesophilic microbes for rapid decomposition ) Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

6. Microorganism Involved in Composting Anaerobes Which decompose organic matter in absence of oxygen Two type of microbes which help in composting process are: Aerobes Which decompose organic matter in presence of oxygen Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

7. Material required for Composting Farm refuses Weeds Stubbles bhusa Crop residues Remnents of fodder Hedge clipping Town refuse Night soil Street refuse Municipal fuse Animal dung Cow dung Buffalo dung Poultry dung Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

8. Methods of Preparation of Compost This method was developed by A. Howard and Y. D. Wad at the Institute of Plant industry, Indore, India Demonstration of this method at large scale was initiated at J. N. Krishi Vidyalaya, Indore. This method was worked out by L. N. Acharya at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Indore MethodBangalore MethodNADEP Method Click on title for detail Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

9. Indore method Size of the pit Raw materials Methods of filling the pits Turning Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

10. Size of the pit Breadth - 6-8 feet Depth - 2-3 feet ( not more than 3 feet) Length - 10 feet or more as per requirement Indore method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

11. Raw material Mix plant residues, weeds, sugarcane leaves, grass, wood ashes, bran etc. Animal dung Urine soaked mud Wood ashes Water Indore method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

12. Filling the composting pits One more layer of bedding material with wood ash and urinated mud should be added. First of all, spread dry wastes with cattle dung and soil in ratio of 4:2:1 up to 2 inch layer in Composting pit. Afterwards, sprinkle the water over the materials Pit is filled with above materials up to 1 foot above the ground level Indore method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

13. Turning The material is turned three times for proper aeration and moisture. First turning : 10-15 days after filling the pits. Second turning : 15 days after first turning. Third turning : After 2 month of second turning Indore method Compost : As a Component of INM NextBack to menuPrevious

14. Bangalore method This method saves labour cost because there is no need of turning and regular sprinkling of water. Composting is done in trenches of 30’ × 6’ × 3’ or in pits of 20’ × 6’ ×3. Size of the pit Compost : As a Component of INM EndPreviousNext

15. Method of Filling the Composting Pits Finally the heap is covered with 1 inch thick mud. After 8-9 months all material decomposes and compost becomes ready for the application. Spread the moist farm refuse at the bottom of the pit up to one inch. Then, spread two inch of cattle dung and urinated mud followed by 1 or 2 inch layer of soil This heap is made up to 1.5-2.0 feet above the ground level following above process. Bangalore method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousBack to menu

16. NADEP Method This method facilitates a lot of composting through minimum use of cattle dung. In this method, the decomposition process takes place aerobically. Compost : As a Component of INM PreviousNextEnd

17. Steps for NADEP Method of Composting Selection of site and compost making Material required Method of filling tank Second filling NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

18. Selection of site Plastering of inner wall and floor of the tank should be done by mixture of dung and mud. The tank should be located near cattle shed or farm site. The tank should be 10’ ×6’ ×3’in size and are prepared with 9’ inch thick wall Proper blocks and holes of 7 inches should be left on all the four side of the tank wall for the circulation of air. NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM Size of pit NextPreviousEnd

19. Materials Required S. No. MaterialQuantity (Kg) 1.Farm residues1400-1500 2.Cattle dung90-100 3.Dry sieved soil1750 4.water1500-2000 NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

20. Method of Filling Tank Slurry made of cow dung and water should be sprinkled on the floor and the walls of tank. The filling of tank follows these steps: First layer Plant residues are spread evenly in layer up to 6 inches (10-100 Kg) in tank. Second layer: 4-5 Kg Cattle dung of gobber gas-slurry in 125 to 150 litres of water should be apply on the first layer. Third layer: 50-60 Kg sieved soil added on the second layer of tank. In this way, the tank is filled layer by layer up to 1.5 feet above the brick level of tank. Filled tank should be covered and sealed by 3 inch layer of soil (300- 400Kg) It should also be pasted with a mixture of dung and soil. NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM NextPreviousEnd

21. Second Filling Periodically the paste of cattle dung and water should be sprinkle to maintain 15-20% moisture. At this stage, the process of the first filling is repeated and again sealed with paste of mud & dung. After 20 days, the plant residue contracts and goes down in the tank by 20-25 inches. NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM PreviousEndBack to menu