1. 1 ON-ROAD AND NON-ROAD SOURCES Melinda Ronca-Battista and Angelique Luedeker, ITEP/TAMS Center

2. 2 HOMEWORK DISCUSSION Discuss the answers to the QA/QC exercise

3. 3 ON-ROAD EMISSION SOURCES Emissions from vehicles include Exhaust Brake and tire wear Evaporation 2 main classification categories By vehicle type By road type

4. 4 VEHICLE TYPES Vehicle types – Gasoline Light duty gasoline vehicles (LDG Vs & Ts) Passenger cars & trucks Motorcycles (MC) Heavy duty gasoline vehicles (HDGV 2b-8b) Modifier based on gross vehicle weight rating (gvwr) Trucks Busses

5. 5 VEHICLE TYPES (CONT.) Vehicle types – Diesel Light duty diesel vehicles (LDDV - cars) Light duty diesel trucks (LDDT < 8500 lb gvwr) Heavy duty diesel trucks (HDDV 8500 to >60K lb gvwr) School & public transportation busses

6. 6 ROAD TYPES Road types – Rural & Urban Arterials Interstates Other major highways Minor highways Collectors On & off ramps Locals

7. 7 EPA MOVES MODEL Emission Factors (EFs): MOVES EPA model – (complex black box) Factors in emission modeling Climate (Seasonal temp, humidity, elevation) Type of road (braking & accelerating estimates) Registration records (how old are the cars) Fuel type (sulfur content, vapor pressure, MTBE) Other

8. 8 ON-ROAD EMISSION FACTOR OPTIONS Option 1 for tribes Get on-road mobile emission factors from state agencies Difficult, many just use EPA estimates Option 2 for tribes Vehicle population on tribal land different than off tribal land E.g.: Average vehicle age? Get training on MOVES and run it!training on MOVES

9. 9 ON-ROAD EMISSIONS Emissions based on total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per road type per year ** Emission estimates for paved and non-paved road dust also rely on VMT calculations!

10. 10 ON-ROAD EMISSIONS (CONT.) VMT example State Route 1 (SR1) is a 10-mile-long stretch of rural highway On average, 100 cars travel road every day Total VMT for cars = 10 miles x 100 vehicles/day x 365 days/year = 365,000 vehicle miles/year

11. 11 ON-ROAD EMISSIONS (CONT.) Emissions based on this estimate of VMT for cars on SR1 Carbon monoxide (CO) EF for cars on rural highways = 24.523 g/VMT (for this example) Emissions estimate = 24.523 g/VMT x 365,000 VMT = 8,950,895 g of CO 8,950,895 g / 907184.74(g/ton) = 9.867 tons per year CO

12. 12 N ON -R OAD M OBILE S OURCES Any moving, motor-driven thing Tractors Construction equipment ATVs, off-road motorcycles, non-commercial boats Doesn’t have to be a vehicle Lawn and garden equipment Generators Irrigation pumps

13. 13 EPA NONROAD MODEL Emissions from these vehicles usually estimated using EPA’s NONROAD model Gives results only on state or county basis Have to modify input files to run for reservation

14. 14 NON-ROAD EMISSION OPTIONS ITEP worked with several tribes and EPA’s OAQPS to find best way for tribes to estimate emissions from non-road sources Developed table of emission factors, based on NONROAD model results Can do calculation on paper or in a spreadsheet, then enter results into TEISS

15. 15 W HAT DATA DO YOU NEED TO COLLECT ? Vehicle Types* Population operating on reservation* Average horsepower Average hours each vehicle operates per year *Minimum information you must collect

16. 16 H OW TO DO THE CALCULATIONS ? Can you estimate annual hours of activity? Get emission factors from ITEP for each vehicle type of interest EF population x population = annual emissions EF activity x hours = annual emissions OR Hours of activity gives a better estimate!

17. 17 NON-ROAD EXAMPLE 1 PollutantEF in tons/ Year/vehicle VehiclesAnnual emissions SO20.0000701,0000.070 tons PM0.0040861,0004.086 tons THC0.1048751,000104.875 tons NOx0.0002651,0000.265 tons Survey finds 1,000 2-stroke, off-road motorcycles on your reservation. No information on how many hours/year each operates.

18. 18 NON-ROAD EXAMPLE 2 PollutantEF in tons/ Year/hour Hours of activity Annual emissions SO2Very small104,000Very small PM0.000003104,0000.312 tons THC0.000066104,0006.86 tons NOx0.00000017104,0000.02 tons Survey finds 1,000 2-stroke, off-road motorcycles on your reservation. Each operates 104 hrs/year x 1,000 vehicles = 104,000 hrs.

19. 19 HOMEWORK DUE IN 5 DAYS: Complete the on-road exercise by filling in the blanks in the tables in the spreadsheet. If comfortable with writing formulas, use the spreadsheet to calculate VMTs and emissions. If not comfortable with writing formulas, calculate VMTs and emissions with a calculator, then enter the values into the spreadsheet. Fill out the non-road exercise. Note: EFs in exercises are only examples and should not be used to calculate emissions in an actual EI. Email the completed exercises to the instructors.