1. Variety = Inclusive Practices Variety in style makes writing interesting Variety enriches the fabric of narrative Variety adds complexity to thematic explorations James Joyce’s masterpiece Ulysses 18 Episodes Each episode has its own genre

2. How to Open, Develop and End a Paragraph or an Essay? By a quotation By some data/survey/report By a question or a rhetorical question By a story By definition By an example By an analogy

3. How to Open, Develop and End a Paragraph or an Essay? By shifting different paragraph types By presenting a painting/picture …

4. James Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) Dubliners, 1914 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916 Exiles and poetry Ulysses, 1922 Finnegans Wake, 1939

5. Dubliners Dubliners is a collection of 15 short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914. The fifteen stories were meant to be a naturalistic depiction of the Irish middle class life in and around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century.

6. Dubliners 1914 Joyce's Irish experiences constitute an essential element of his writings, and provide all of the settings for his fiction and much of its subject matter. His early volume of short stories, Dubliners, is a penetrating analysis of the stagnation and paralysis of Dublin society. The stories incorporate epiphanies, a word used particularly by Joyce, by which he meant a sudden consciousness of the "soul" of a thing. The final and most famous story in the collection, "The Dead", was directed by John Huston as his last feature film in 1987.

7. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a semi-autobiographical novel by James Joyce, first serialized in The Egoist from 1914 to 1915 and published in book form in 1916. It depicts the formative years in the life of Stephen Dedalus, a fictional alter ego of Joyce.

8. The Egoist (periodical) The Egoist (subtitled An Individualist Review) was a London literary magazine published from 1914 to 1919, during which time it published important early modernist poetry and fiction. In its manifesto, it claimed to "recognise no taboos,“ and published a number of controversial works, such as parts of Ulysses. Today, it is considered "England's most important Modernist periodical."

9. intellectual & religiophilosophical awakening A Portrait is a key example of the Künstlerroman (an artist's Bildungsroman) in English literature. Joyce's novel traces the intellectual and religiophilosophical awakening of young Stephen Dedalus as he begins to question and rebel against the Catholic and Irish conventions in which he has been raised.

10. Künstlerroman Bildungsroman ‘Künstlerroman (plural ‐ mane), the German term (meaning ‘artist ‐ novel’) for a novel in which the central character is an artist of any kind, e.g. the musical composer Leverkühn in Thomas Mann's Doktor Faustus (1947). Although this category of fiction often overlaps with the ‘Bildungsroman in showing the protagonist's development from childhood or adolescence—most famously in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)—it also includes studies of artists in middle or old age, and sometimes of historical persons.