4. Nutrition Nutrition = the process of using food for growth, repair tissues and getting energy Two Types: Autotrophic Heterotrophic

5. Autotrophs (Producers): Energy Food Photoautotrophs What does “photo” mean? Photo = Light Where do you think that the living things that are photoautotrophs get their energy? What type of energy do they use? Sunlight Ex. Green plants Ah-toe-trofs

6. Examples of Autotrophs

7. Heterotrophs (Consumers): Food Energy Get energy by eating “food” made by other living things Three types Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Hea-tur-oh-trofs

8. Digestion: Getting Energy from Food Digestion = the process in which food is broken down into smaller substances (biomolecules) What are some biomolecules (organic and inorganic compounds)? Starch, carbohydrates, sugar, lipids. Smaller substances are then used to make energy They also help living things grow and repair cells There are 4 stages: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Egestion Di-jes-chun

9. 1) Ingestion Putting food into the body (through the mouth OF COURSE!) In-jes-chun

10. 2) Digestion The transformation of food into nutrients (smaller substances) that the body can absorb.

11. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Mechanical Digestion Food broken down into smaller pieces Chemical Digestion Food broken down into biomolecules Your mouth does both! Teeth = Mechanical Digestion Saliva (Spit) = Chemical Digestion contains enzymes Meh-kan-eh-kal and Khem-eh-cul

12. 3) Absorption The movement of nutrients (biomolecules) from the digestive system into the blood The blood then takes them to the cells Ab-sorp-chun

13. 4) Egestion Egestion = the elimination of waste products from the digestive system. Waste Products Feces Body only takes out what it needs! Ee-jes-chun

14. Types of Digestive System Gastric Cavity Digestive tube A sac lined with cells Structure of animals that use only intracellular digestion Digestion ONLY occurs inside of cells A tube with a place where food enters (a mouth) and a place where it exits (an anus) Structure of animals that use extracellular digestion Digestion takes place outside of cells Gas-trik

15. Digestive Tube Mouth Carbohydrate digestion Esophagus Transports food from the mouth to the stomach Stomach Acids break down food through chemical digestion Small Intestine Digestion and the beginning of absorption Large Intestine Waste converted into feces Some absorption Anus and Rectum Removal of waste products Accessory Glands Salivary Glands, Pancreas, and Liver Make enzymes to break down food into specific biomolecules Ingestion None Digestion Digestion and Absorption Absorption and Egestion Egestion

16. Respiratory System What goes in must come out! Waste produced when we breathe just like when we eat Respiratory System is in control of the exchange of gases Oxygen inhaled Carbon Dioxide exhaled Gas exchange 4 types of Respiration Systems and different ways that gas is exchanged in different types of animals

17. 1) Cutaneous Respiration Gas exchange occurs through the skin Example: Earthworm Que-tain-ee-ous

18. 2) Branchial Respiration Gas exchange occurs through gills Example: Fish Bran-key-ul

19. Tracheal Respiration Gas exchange occurs through internal tubes (called tracheae) Oxygen enters through the holes in the tracheae called spiracles Oxygen travels through tracheae in tunnels called tracheoles that carry the air directly to the cells Tray-key-ul Tray-key-ols Spear-ah-kuls

20. Pulmonary Respiration Gas exchange occurs in the lungs Lungs are internal cavities with thin, damp walls full of blood vessels Respiration occurs with inhalation and exhalation Inhalation Air taken into the lungs Exhalation Air expelled from the lungs Pul-mun-air-ee

21. Activities LET´S REVISE: PAGE 32: QUESTIONS 1 AND 2