1. Acids and Bases Chapter 15

2. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen ion = hydronium H 2 O + H + = (H 3 O + )

3. Properties of sour taste (lemons, vinegar) reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas corrosive, destroys metals, burns skin Acids

4. Uses of separate metals from their ores sulfuric acid – fertilizers hydrochloric acid – your stomach for digestion carbonic acid and phosphoric acid – sodas taste Acids

5. Bases a substance which when added to water produces hydroxide ions (OH - ) Sodium Hydroxide (in water) = Sodium ion + Hydroxide Ion NaOH = Na + + (OH - )

6. Properties of bitter taste feels slippery, like soap corrosive, destroys metals, burns skin Base

7. Uses of sodium hydroxide – soap cleaning products – ammonia, detergents calcium hydroxide – plaster, cement magnesium hydroxide – antacids for heartburn sodium bicarbonate – baking soda Base

8. Indicators Litmus paper ColorBlue LitmusRed Litmus Acidturns redstays red Basestays sameturns blue way to remember Base turns Blue

9. Indicators Liquids – thymol blue – methyl yellow – methyl orange – bromphenol blue – bromcresol green – methyl red – bromthymol blue – phenol red – alizarin yellow – cresol red – thymolphthalein – Phenolphthalein Red cabbage juice is a commonly used indicator. Liquids change different color in the presence of acids and bases.

10. Neutralization When an acid mixes with a base, water is formed. Why? hydrogen ion + hyroxide ion = water (H + ) + OH – = H 2 0 The left over stuff makes salts. Neutralization

11. Strength of acids and Bases Strong acids create a lot of hydrogen ions. Strong bases create a lot of hydroxide ions. Determined by pH Scale pH – measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution How to measure pH paper – changes color based on strength of acid or base

12. pH scale range from 0 to 14 more acidic = lower number more basic = higher number Acids and Bases stronger acidstronger base

13. Sites Sugar and Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid