1. Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E  to the optic axis (OA). The wave travels with index n o. Extraordinary wave or ray: Any wave with E component along OA! (polarization in the k-OA plane). The wave travels with index between n o and n e, which we call the function n e (  ). Angle  between k and OA

2. OA General case: 2k’s, 2S’s

3. Crystals may be cut at any angle vs. the optic axis! Optic axis k  becomes

4. n e >n o n o >n e

5. For this cut of crystal and k vector shown, an e-wave is the ____ a)s-polarization b)p-polarization c)both s,p are e-waves d)neither s,p are e-waves Don’t confuse s,p polarization with o,e polarization! No direct connection OA

6. For this cut of crystal and k vector shown, an e-wave is the ____ a)s-polarization b)p-polarization c)both s,p are e-waves d)neither s,p are e-waves

7. Text gives equations for directions of S, E for ONLY the case in this picture: OA  the interface…. Finding E, S directions for the extraordinary wave so these equations aren’t very important… OA

8. Finding E, B, S directions for the extraordinary wave Gives ratios of E components z x

9. What is  to what? E E OA

10. Polarizing prisms Good for high powered lasers. (no heating from absorption) Cut and rejoin, with OA perhaps oriented differently.

11. Polarizing prisms from uniaxial crystals In prism d, which exiting beam was the e-ray in the material it left? a)top b)bottom

12. Polarizing prisms In prism a, the the beams are separated by ___ TIR So in this material which index is greater? a)n-e b)n-o

13. Polarizing prisms In prism b, the beams (k’s) are separated by Snell’s law. Imagine the k-vectors are shown. So in this material which index is greater? a)n-e b)n-o