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Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1
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Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community Consists of: A community of organisms The soil, water, and weather Energy
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Biome - a major ecosystem that shares the same type of climate and has similar life forms. 1.Salt water 2.Freshwater 3.Estuary 4.Terrestrial
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Tundra Permafrost - permanently frozen ground Plants - short roots; fast growing; perennials. Animals have thick fur / body fat / coloration.
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Taiga / Coniferous Forest Conifers - cone-bearing trees / bending branches / needles as leaves. Animals also have thick fur / body fat.
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Desert Most desert animals are nocturnal. Estivation - sleeping during hot days. Plants have waxy leaves / spines.
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Grasslands Most animals have good vision and speed. Plants have underground stems / survive fires.
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Temperate / Deciduous Forest Broad-leaved trees lose their leaves yearly. Some birds migrate.
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Tropical Rain Forest Arboreal - tree-dwelling animals Trees / Plants: 1. Canopy 2. Understory 3. Ground
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Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment. Coloration Speed Migration Thick fur Chemical defenses Hibernation/ Estivation Size Thorns and stickers
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CLIMATOGRAM - Measures two things: Average Temperature Average Precipitation
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Chapters 3-4 Communities and Biomes / Population Part 2
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Click to start video
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Succession: changes over time Primary succession – new land caused by avalanches, volcanoes, and glaciers
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Succession: changes over time Pioneer species – first species in an area
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Succession: changes over time Climax community – shows little or no change over time Secondary succession – sequence of life after natural disasters (ex. Forest fires) 1988 forest fire in Yellowstone Nat’l Park
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Population Dynamics Exponential Growth - as a population gets larger, it also grows faster. (p 97) Carrying capacity - the maximum number of organisms that an environment can support (p 98).
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Limiting factors: Factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive. Density dependent factors: Disease Competition Parasites Food & water Space
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Density independent factors (abiotic factors): Temperature Storms Floods Drought Habitat disruption (logging, burning, draining swamps, moving in exotic species)
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Demography - human population growth Immigration - moving in Emigration - moving out Growth rate Natality - birth rate Fatality - death rate
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