1. Seed Plants Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

2. What is a seed?? A seed contains an embryonic sporophyte A seed contains an embryonic sporophyte It has a protective coat and enough nutrients to support the sporophyte until it is ready to germinate It has a protective coat and enough nutrients to support the sporophyte until it is ready to germinate Seeds differ depending on their mode of species dispersal …eg: wind, animals, water etc. Seeds differ depending on their mode of species dispersal …eg: wind, animals, water etc.

4. Gymnosperm = “Naked Seeds” In gymnosperms the seeds are uncovered or “naked” In gymnosperms the seeds are uncovered or “naked” They are often exposed on the surface of scales in cones They are often exposed on the surface of scales in cones

5. Angiosperm Seeds In angiosperms, the seeds are covered by fruit In angiosperms, the seeds are covered by fruit

6. Seed Plant Life Cycle A seed germinates into a sporophyte A seed germinates into a sporophyte The sporophyte produces megaspores and microspores by meiosis The sporophyte produces megaspores and microspores by meiosis The spores develop into megagametophytes and microgametophytes The spores develop into megagametophytes and microgametophytes Fertilization takes place Fertilization takes place A seed is formed A seed is formed

7. Two Types of Gametes Microspores Microspores develops into a microgametophyte develops into a microgametophyte In seed plants this is the POLLEN grain In seed plants this is the POLLEN grainMegaspores Develops into a megagametophyte Develops into a megagametophyte In seed plants this is the EMBRYO sac In seed plants this is the EMBRYO sac

8. General Life Cycle…

9. In Gymnosperms….

10. In Angiosperms…

11. Gymnosperms Includes Cycads, Gingko and Conifers Includes Cycads, Gingko and Conifers

12. Gymnosperm Adaptations to Land… Seeds  allow for species dispersal on land Seeds  allow for species dispersal on land Needles  maintain water balance in dry cold climates Needles  maintain water balance in dry cold climates Vascular tissue  transports nutrients and water from surroundings throughout the plant Vascular tissue  transports nutrients and water from surroundings throughout the plant Pollen  can be transported by wind, animals or insects for fertilization Pollen  can be transported by wind, animals or insects for fertilization

13. Angiosperms An exceptionally large and successful group of plants An exceptionally large and successful group of plants Includes: Includes: All deciduous trees All deciduous trees All broad leafed evergreen trees All broad leafed evergreen trees All non-woody plants such as grasses, garden plants, flowering plants All non-woody plants such as grasses, garden plants, flowering plants

14. Some examples of angiosperms…

15. Two Groups of Angiosperms.. Monocotyldons & Dicotyldons

16. Flower Structure Heterospores (microspores & megaspores) are produced within flowers Heterospores (microspores & megaspores) are produced within flowers Sepal Sepal green, beneath the petals, protect the developing flower green, beneath the petals, protect the developing flower Petals Petals attract pollinators attract pollinators Pistil Pistil vaselike structure in the centre of the flower, has 3 parts; stigma, style & ovary vaselike structure in the centre of the flower, has 3 parts; stigma, style & ovary Stigma is an enlarged, sticky knob at the top of the pistil (sticks to pollen) Stigma is an enlarged, sticky knob at the top of the pistil (sticks to pollen) Style is the stalk between the stigma and the ovary Style is the stalk between the stigma and the ovary Ovary is the enlarged base containing ovules Ovary is the enlarged base containing ovules Stamens Stamens grouped around the pistil, has 2 parts; the filament and the anther grouped around the pistil, has 2 parts; the filament and the anther Anther has 2 pollen sacs Anther has 2 pollen sacs Filament attaches the pollen sac to the flower Filament attaches the pollen sac to the flower

17. Plant Reproduction Pollen is produced by the stamen Pollen is produced by the stamen Pollen moves away from the plant by wind or pollinators Pollen moves away from the plant by wind or pollinators The pollen lands on the pistil of another flower and fertilizes the eggs within the ovary The pollen lands on the pistil of another flower and fertilizes the eggs within the ovary The flower petal falls off and the ovary develops into a fruit that encloses the seeds The flower petal falls off and the ovary develops into a fruit that encloses the seeds Fruits are dispersed in a variety of ways Fruits are dispersed in a variety of ways Eg  eaten by animals, acorns, dandelions etc. Eg  eaten by animals, acorns, dandelions etc.

18. Flower Structure

19. Assignment Prepare a summary chart comparing angiosperms and gymnosperms Prepare a summary chart comparing angiosperms and gymnosperms GymnospermAngiosperms General Characteristics Life Cycle and Reproductive Structures Adaptations & Unique Characteristics Examples & Classification