1. Chapter 16 section 2 Groundwater & Chemical Weathering The warmer the rock + long periods of contact with water will cause greater amounts of dissolved minerals from that rock.

2. What is “hard water”? Water that contains large amounts of dissolved minerals. i.e. calcium, magnesium, and iron. Water that contains large amounts of dissolved minerals. i.e. calcium, magnesium, and iron. Of course low amounts of minerals = soft water. Of course low amounts of minerals = soft water.

3. What can happen in your household due to hard water? Appliances may develop hard water mineral buildups. Many people do not like the metallic taste of hard water. It may not produce many suds from your soap.

4. Water dissolves minerals as it moves through the ground. This will cause “chemical weathering”. This will cause “chemical weathering”. The water will pick up CO2 as it travels through the ground and this produces a weak acid called “Carbonic acid”. The water will pick up CO2 as it travels through the ground and this produces a weak acid called “Carbonic acid”. This weak acid can chemically weather the rocks. It does this by dissolving the minerals and therefore breaking down the rock. This weak acid can chemically weather the rocks. It does this by dissolving the minerals and therefore breaking down the rock.

5. Caverns are limestone that has been chemically weathered.

6. Water passes through caverns and drips- leaving dissolved calcite which is deposited in the cavern. Stalactite and stalagmite are two of the formations made of calcite. Stalactite and stalagmite are two of the formations made of calcite.

7. What happens if the stalagmite and stalactite grow together? You have a column. You have a column.

8. Sinkholes occur when rock dissolves, sediment is removed, or a cave collapses.

9. What is a natural bridge? When the roof of a cavern collapses in several places, a straight line of sinkholes can form. The uncollapsed rock is the natural bridge. When the roof of a cavern collapses in several places, a straight line of sinkholes can form. The uncollapsed rock is the natural bridge.

10. Karst topography This is irregular topography caused by chemical weathering of limestone or other soluble rock by groundwater. This is irregular topography caused by chemical weathering of limestone or other soluble rock by groundwater.

11. Where does karst topography occur-in humid regions and where there is a lot of limestone.

12. Karst topography can also occur where it is a dry area.

13. This completes C. 16 Good luck on your test. Good luck on your test.