1. Weathering and Soils Practice Test

2. QUESTION: What kind of weathering is represented by the following picture?

3. ANSWER The previous picture represents mechanical weathering Rocks break down into smaller and smaller pieces with no change in composition

4. QUESTION: What kind of weathering is represented by the following picture?

5. ANSWER: Chemical Weathering Rock is being broken down by carbon acid in the water

6. What kind of weathering is described by these steps? Mechanical or Chemical Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats. Water expands as it freezes.

7. ANSWER: Mechanical Rock is broken down physically into smaller pieces with no change in composition

8. What specific kind of mechanical weathering is described by these steps? Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats. Water expands as it freezes.

9. ANSWER: Frost Wedging

10. What is the first step? A. Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split. B. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers. C. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats. D. Water expands as it freezes.

11. ANSWER: B. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers.

12. What is the second step? A. Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split. B. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers. C. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats. D. Water expands as it freezes.

13. ANSWER: D. Water expands as it freezes.

14. What is the 3 rd step? A. Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split. B. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers. C. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats. D. Water expands as it freezes.

15. ANSWER: A. Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split.

16. What is the 4 th step? A. Freezing water exerts pressure on the rocks and make them split. B. Water collects in collects in the cracks of rocks and rock layers. C. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats. D. Water expands as it freezes.

17. ANSWER: C. Water thaws and the cycle called frost wedging, repeats.

18. Hydrolysis is the reaction of _____ with other substances. ANSWER: water

19. Is hydrolysis mechanical or chemical weathering? ANSWER: chemical Water is dissolving the rock

20. What specific example of chemical weathering is rust? ANSWER: oxidation Oxidation is the reaction of oxygen with other substances

21. What color do rocks appear if they are experiencing oxidtaion? ANSWER: red

22. Carbon produced by organisms combines with water to form carbonic acid. What is the name of this process? ANSWER: carbonation

23. Carbon produced by organisms combines with water to form carbonic acid. What kind of rock does this dissolve most effectively? ANSWER: Limestone

24. Limestone _____ form when carbonic acid dissolves the calcite in limestone. ANSWSER: caves

25. Burning of fossil fuels can produce _______ that will break down rock. ANSWSER: acid precipitation (or acid rain)

26. What is the name of the kind of weathering that occurs when tiny tree roots get into the cracks of rocks and break them apart as they grow? ANSWER: Tree root wedging

27. Is Tree Root Wedging Mechanical or Chemical Weathering? ANSWER: Mechanical It is also an example of organic activity because it is a living organism that causes this weathering

28. This type of weathering occurs when layers of rock peel off and leave behind a dome shaped rock. ANSWER: Exfoliation

29. Is Exfoliation Mechanical or Chemical? ANSWER: Mechanical

30. What are 2 ways frost wedging and thermal expansion/contraction are different? ANSWER: frost wedging involves water freezing in the cracks of rock Thermal Expansion/Contraction involves grains of rock heating (expanding) and cooling (contraction)

31. How are frost wedging and thermal expansion/contraction the same? ANSWER: they both involve change in temperature from hot to cold They both are examples of mechanical weathering

32. Explain 2 ways that abrasion of rock is likely to occur. Answer: Rocks colliding in moving water Wind: rock particles scrape other rocks Gravity: rocks fall and collide into other rocks Glaciers: as they move rocks in the glacier scrape against other rocks

33. Is abrasion mechanical or chemical? ANSWER: mechanical

34. True or False: Carbonation is a type of dissolution ANSWER: True

35. When decayed plant or animal material break down rocks, is this mechanical or chemical? ANSWER: Chemical

36. Describe the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering. ANSWER: mechanical is when rocks physically break down into smaller and smaller pieces, there is no chemical change. Chemical is when rocks are dissolved or changed chemically due to a reaction with other substances

37. What components make up soil? ANSWER: Minerals (broken down rock) Air Water Organic material

38. What process creates soil? ANSWER: Weathering

39. How is mineral matter important to soil? ANSWER: it makes up the soil type

40. Why is it important to have water in soil? ANSWER: Nutrients travel up the roots of plants through water.

41. Why is it important to have air in soil? ANSWER: the air provides space for water and nutrients to travel through out the soil and to plant roots

42. Why is it important to have organic matter in soil? ANSWER: organic matter will provide nutrients to the soil

43. Explain how organic matter provides nutrients to soil. ANSWER: when they digest (poop) the nutrients in the feces is added to soil When organisms die they decompose and the nutrients in their decaying parts add nutrients to the soil