1. UNIT I 2D PRIMITIVES INTRODUCTION 1 SNSCE/IT/ARUNA

2. 1.1 DEFINITION Computer Graphic is the discipline of producing picture or images using a computer which include Modeling Creation Manipulation storage of geometric objects Rendering converting a scene to an image the process of transformations Rasterization shading Illumination animation of the image, etc. 2 SNSCE/IT/ARUNA

3. 3 MODELING CREATION MANIPULATION Geometric objects

4. 1.1RENDERING SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 4 Process of generating an image from a model

5. CONVERTING A SCENE TO AN IMAGE SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 5

6. Rasterization Task of taking an image described in a vector graphics format (shapes) Converting it into a raster image (pixels or dots) for output on a video display or printer or for storage in a bitmap file format. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 6

7. Shading SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 7

8. Shading SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 8

9. ILLUMINATION The transport of luminous flux from light sources between points via direct and indirect paths Lighting - the process of computing the luminous intensity reflected from a specified 3-D point SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 9

10. Animation of the image The process used for generating animated images SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 10

11. 1.2 APPLICATION  Computer Aided Design (CAD) SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 11

12. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS  Generating the report and summaries the financial statistical, economic, research etc., SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 12

13. COMPUTER ART SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 13 cartoon diagram produced with paint brush program, artist work at monitor Electronic watercolor Electronic Avalanche

14. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 14 Sphere of influence

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17. ENTERTAINMENT SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 17 star trek-the Wrath of khan

18. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 18 Computer generated Scene KNICKKNACK Red’s dream

19. TV series SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 19 graphics combined with a live scene

20. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 20 reconstruction of thirteenth century

21. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 21 MORPHING

22. EDUACTION AND TRAINING SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 22 Nuclear reactor Flight simulator motion Naval SimulatorSpace shuttle Automobile

23. VISUALIZATION SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 23 technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message.

24. IMAGE PROCESSING SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 24

25. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 25

26. 1.3 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHICS SYSTEM SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 26 Video Display Devices Raster-Scan Systems Graphics Workstations and Viewing Systems Input Devices Hard-Copy Devices Graphics Networks Graphics on the Internet Graphics Software Introduction to OpenGL Summary

27. VIDEO DISPLAY DEVICES SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 27 Video Monitor OUTPUT DEVICES cathode-ray tube (CRT) OPERATION

28. CATHODE-RAY TUBE (CRT) SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 28 Basic design of a magnetic-deflection CRT

29. CATHODE-RAY TUBE (CRT) SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 29 Raster-Scan Displays

30. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 30 Random-Scan Displays

31. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 31 Color CRT Monitors

32. Flat-Panel Displays SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 32 Liquid crystal displays (LCD) Plasma panels Electroluminescent panels (ELD) Light-emitting diode display (LED)

33. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 33 Three-Dimensional Viewing Devices

34. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 34 Stereoscopic and Virtual-Reality Systems

35. PRINTABLE CROSS CROSS EYE VIEWER SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 35

36. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 36

37. RASTER-SCAN SYSTEMS SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 37 Rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction in television

38. GRAPHICS WORKSTATIONS AND VIEWING SYSTEMS SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 38 An artist’s workstation, featuring a monitor, a keyboard, a graphics tablet with a hand cursor, and a light table, in addition to data storage and telecommunications devices High resolution (2048 by 2048) graphics monitor.

39. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 39

40. INPUT DEVICES SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 40 Keyboards, Button Boxes, and Dials Mouse Devices Z mouse features three buttons, a mouse ball underneath, a thumbwheel on the side, and a trackball on top Trackballs and Spaceballs

41. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 41 1. stick, 2. base, 3. trigger, 4. extra buttons, 5. autofire switch, 6.throttle, 7. hat switch (POV hat), 8.suction cup.

42. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 42 Data GlovesDigitizers

43. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 43 Scanner Touch Panels

44. LIGHT PEN SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 44

45. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 45 Voice Systems

46. SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 46 HARD-COPY DEVICES

47. GRAPHICS SOFTWARE  General graphics programming packages are GL (Graphics Library)  OpenGL  VRML (Virtual-Reality Modeling Language)  Java 2D  Java 3D SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 47

48. Coordinate representation SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 48

49. Graphics Functions  Graphics package provides users with a variety of functions for creating and manipulating pictures  Graphics output, input, Attribues, transformations, viewing, subdividing pictures, or general control.  Graphics output primitives - points, straight lines, curved lines, filled color areas (usually polygons), and shapes SNSCE/IT/ARUNA 49