1. 1 Why Study Physics? 3, 4Why Study Physics? Mathematics and Physics Speak 5, 6Mathematics and Physics Speak Theories and Laws Scientific Notation and Significant Figures 16+Scientific Notation and Significant Figures Units Dimensional Analysis Problem Solving Techniques 29Problem Solving Techniques Approximations 30Approximations Graphs 32-33Graphs HK: CQ: 1, 8. P: 1, 3, 5, 13, 25, 39, 49. Chapter 1: Introduction

2. 2 Scientific Theory A model for explaining phenomena that is simple yet predicts a broad range. Criterion: Testable Accurate (not perfect) 2

3. 3 Law A scientific law is a statement describing natural behavior which has a history of scientific replication. Law = describing Theory = explaining Describing is easier than explaining! Laws usually come first. E.g. Boyle’s Law (1662), Bernoulli’s Kinetic Theory of gases (1740). 3

4. 44 SI Base Units meter (m) kilogram (kg) second (s, sec) ampere (A) kelvin (K) mole (mol) candela (cd)

5. 5 Prefixes for SI Units convenient shorthand for powers of 10 examples: m = 10 -3 e.g. millimeter c = 10 -2 e.g. centimeter k = 10 3 e.g. kilometer

6. 66 Other Common Units foot:3.28ft = 1m mile:1mi = 1609m hour: 1h = 3600s /

7. 7 Significant Figures (s.f.) trailing 0’s count, e.g. 1.560 leading 0’s not counted, e.g. 0.01 more s.f. implies more precision 1.563 s.f. 1.5604 s.f. 1.0564 s.f. 12.0015 s.f. 0.0011 s.f. 0.00102 s.f.

8. 8 Calculating with Significant Figures

9. 99 Unit Analysis calculation and comparison of units Given: v = at [v] = m/s [t] = s [v] = [a][t] m/s = [a]s [a] = m/s/s

10. 10 Dimensional Analysis units replaced by “dimensions” e.g. meter = L, seconds = T unit-independent e.g. [velocity] = L/T

11. 11 Converting Units

12. 12 Problem Solving write key data as you read mark unknowns with “?” double check each value use SI values, e.g. 5cm  0.05m sketch physical situation write equations solve, consider, read question again

13. 13 Summary Unit and Dimensional Analysis Metric Prefixes -9 to +9 Unit Conversions Problem Solving

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16. 16 Significant Figures (s.f.) estimate of measurement precision trailing 0’s count (3.00) leading 0’s not counted (0.004) 1.563 s.f.3.0/1.56 = 1.9 1.5604 s.f.3.0000/1.56 = 1.92 1.0564 s.f. 12.0015 s.f.3.0 + 1.56 = 4.6 0.0011 s.f.3.0000 + 1.56 = 4.56 0.00102 s.f.

17. 17 Common Prefixes PrefixSymbolPower of 10 gigaG10 9 megaM10 6 kilok10 3 centic10 -2 millim10 -3 microμ10 -6 nanon10 -9