1. AMPAC-Kick Off Meeting Edward N. Ballard Extension Educator, Animal Systems Effingham Center

2. Grazing Cheapest Source of Nutrients Grazing Cheapest Source of Nutrients

3. Every day spent grazing is money saved !

4. Winter Annuals in the Grazing Program Cool season annual forages can be planted in autumn for deferred grazing during the late autumn, winter and early spring.

5. Winter Annuals Include… RyeWheatBarleyTriticale Spring OatsTurnipsRape Kale Collards TylonTyfon Annual Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass

6. Growth curves for cool-season perennial grasses, warm season perennial grasses, and winter annuals. Growth curves for cool-season perennial grasses, warm season perennial grasses, and winter annuals. Winter annual (small grain annual ryegrass) Winter annual (small grain annual ryegrass) Cool-season perennial grasses Cool-season perennial grasses Warm-season perennial grasses Warm-season perennial grasses Winter annual (small grain/annual ryegrass) Winter annual (small grain/annual ryegrass) Relative Growth Rate

7. Typical season of use for winter annual forages

8. U of I Dudley Smith Year- Around Grazing Project Cows grazing Alfalfa- Orchardgrass April through October Winter Grazing-- Corn Stalks with either Turnips-Spring Oats or Springs Oats & Cereal Rye Yield Data--Soil Compaction-- Insect & Weed Control

9. Utilizing SPA Data IL 1996IL 2000U of I Dudley Smith Total Cow Cost$414.03$304.92$190.18 Total Feed Cost$268.48$209.18$158.71 Pasture Cost$84.05$76.91$102.12 Crop Residues$1.96$0.78$40.53 Harvested Forages$83.98$81.25$0.00 Other Raised Feed$60.34$19.96$5.12 Purchased Feed$38.16$30.28$10.94 * All figures are financial annual cost/cow

10. Utilizing SPA Data IL 1996 IL 1999 U of I Dudley Smith Total Feed Fed51774710316 Raised Hay309131890 Other Home- Raised Feed1734932127 Purchased Hay112187170 Purchased STupplements7811419 Purchased Silages & Conc.1662880 * All figures are lbs DM/cow/year *Cost rent $120 per acre

11. Section 9 Section 8 Section 7 Section 6 Section 5 Section 4 Section 3 Section 2 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9 February 21, 2001 February 7, 2001 January 24, 2001 January 10, 2001 December 27, 2000 December 13, 2000 November 29, 2000 November 15, 2000 November 1, 2000 November 15, 2000 November 29, 2000 December 13, 2000 December 27, 2000 January 10, 2001 January 24, 2001 February 7, 2001 February 21, 2001 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Field 1 Field 2 Water  Water Cornstalks & Turnips & Springs Oats Cornstalks & Springs Oats- Cereal Rye U of I Dudley Smith Farm Christian Co.

12. November 1, 2000 Spring Oats -Cereal Rye- Corn Stalks Seeded August 15 Oats- 1 Bu. Rye-1 1/2 Bu. 40 LBS N November 1, 2000 Turnips - Spring Oats- Corn Stalks Seeded August 15 Turnips- 4 lbs Oats 1 Bu. 40 LBS N

13. Costs for Winter Grazing Spring Oats and Turnips - Seeded August 9, 2001 Chisel- July 22$11.00 per acre Disc and mulch$ 9.0 per acre Nitrogen 40 units$12.00 per acre Seeded and mulch spring oats $ 9.00 per acre Spring oats seed cost 1 ½ bu at ($2/bu)$ 3.00 per acre Seeded turnips and mulch$ 9.00 per acre Turnips seed – 4 lbs per acre( $1.80 per lb)$ 7.20 per acre Total Seeding Cost per acre for 6.2$60.20 per acre Total Cost for seeding 6.2 acres$373.24

14. Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002 Turnips – Spring Oats – Corn Stalks Hay4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow) $50 price per ton $ 120.00 Propane Cost 60 gallons at 79¢ per gallon$ 47.40 Total Costs$167.40 All Costs$540.64 Costs per day for 134 days of grazing50¢ per day Total costs per cow for 134 days$ 67.58 Average daily gain per cow1.86 lbs

15. Cow eating whole turnip

16. January 8, 2001 18 Inches snow cover--Turnips& Oats

17. December, 2000

18. Spring Oats and Cereal Rye Seeded August 9, 2001 Chisel – July 22$11.00 per acre Disc and mulch$ 9.00 per acre Nitrogen 40 Units per acre$ 12.00 per acre Seeded and mulch Spring Oats and cereal rye$ 9.00 per acre Spring Oats seed cost 1 bu at $2.00 per bu$ 2.00 per acre Cereal Rye 1 ½ bu per acrre at $5.25 per bu$ 7.87 per acre Total Seeding Costs per acre for 6.2 acres$ 50.87 per acre Total Cost for Seeding 6.2 acres$315.40

19. Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002 Spring Oats – Rye – Corn Stalks Hay4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow) $50 price per ton $ 120.00 Propane Costs 60 gallon at 79¢ per gallon$ 47.40 Total Costs$ 167.40 All costs$ 482.80 Costs per cow for 134 days of grazing45¢ Total costs per cow for 134 days$ 60.35 Average daily gain per cow1.55 lbs

20. Five Types of Land Management Extended rotations of cool season pasture Permanent pasture of native, warm season grasses Winter grazing on a corn-spring oats rotation with cover crops Winter grazing on small grain-corn rotation with cover crops A continuous corn rotation with no grazing

21. Continuous Corn (Control) C2 Dry lot Continuous Corn Control C3 row crop/winter grazing (48 acres each) cool season pasture (6, 2.5 ac. paddocks each) warm season pasture (2,2.5 ac. each) continuous corn (control) (5 acres each) Miscanthus demo plot (0.1 acre each) dry lot/corral area (5.5 acres) 700 N 2200 E Dudley Smith Farm Potential Plot Layout - June 2003 Acreage per experimental unit Corn (RCG 6) A8 A7 B10 B9 M12 M11 B2 B1 A4 A3 M6 M5 B14 B13 A16 A15 M18 M17 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 Treatment Codes A- AMPAC mix B- Barenbrug mix M-MaxQ mix W- Warmseason mix RG – Row crops grazed C – Conventional Crop Continuous Corn (Control) C1 Oats (RCG 4) Oats (RCG 5) Oats (RCG 2) Corn (RCG 1) Corn (RCG 3) Winter graze corn residues+ annual rye Winter Graze corn residues+ annual rye Winter Graze corn residues+ annual rye Winter graze corn residues Winter Graze cereal rye oats turnips Winter graze corn residues Winter graze cereal rye oats turnips Winter graze cereal rye oats turnips

22. U of I Dudley Smith Farm Cow Grazing, May, 2003

23. U of I Dudley Smith Farm Spring Calf Crop-2003

25. Utilize Crop Residues for Fall, Winter Grazing

26. What about Turnips and other grazing alternatives?

27. Aerial Seeding Turnips, Oats and Rye 8-20-2001

28. Cliff Schuette Turnips and Cereal Rye Airseed 8/25/2000 Turnips-3 lbs Rye 2 Bu Airplane $8/Acre Corn 183 Bu/acre Atrazine 1 lb Partner April 28

29. Seeded on Aug 19, 2002 Picture on Aug 22, 2002

30. Barkant Turnip and Rye After Spring Oats-Cost:Turnip-$10, Rye- $8, Airplane-$8 Total-$26 60 Turnips- Costs $10 Rye- $8 Planted after spring oats

31. Forage Turnips and Oats in Corn Stalks-Cost: $10 Turnips, $7.50 Oats, $8 for Airplane-$25.50/Acre

32. Turnips and Rye flown in Beans-Sept 15 th - 2 weeks prior to Harvest

33. Fall Seeding- Germination is better when sown …

34. And not flown.

35. Turnup- Forage and Tuber at 2 months

36. Tuber in Corn-3 months

40. Jimmy Ayars-Christian Co. Spring, 2003 Turnips-3 lbs-Oats-3 Bu.

41. Jimmy Ayars-tunrips-oats spring, 2003

42. Jimmy Ayars Spring, 2003

43. Jimmy Ayars-June 24, 2003

44. Jimmy Ayars, Turnips and Oats baled, June, 2003

45. Jack Wock, Jersey Co. Turnip & Spring Oats, June 4,2003 3 Acres-126 grazing days to date

46. Jack Wock, Jersey Co. June 4, 2003-Bonar Rape Seeded 3 lbs/acre-April 12, 2003

47. Jack Wock, Jersery Co. June 4, 2003 Pennleaf Pearl Millet-20 lbs/acre & Pasja 3 lbs/acre seeded May 15

50. Part 1 - Dynamo, Samson, Barkant, Purple-top Turnips and Dwarf Essex and Interval Rape Dry Matter (DM) Yield Comparison - Wiley Farm**

51. Oats and Rye in Combination Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Forage Availability MU-FSRC OatsRye

52. Trainor Turnips and Annual Rye Fall 2002 Trainor Turnips and Annual Rye Fall 2002

53. Trainor Turnips and Annual Rye Fall 2003- November Trainor Turnips and Annual Rye Fall 2003- November

54. Cost per pound of forage dry matter consumed Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO

55. Daily feed costs and cost per pound of calf gain Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO

57. Dry matter (DM) intake (kg day -1 ), cost of wintering ($ cow -1 ) and relative cost (%) of wintering a spring calving beef cow on a variety of forages for 122 days during winter.) Forage(s) Tall Fescue Stockpile Annual Ryegrass Wheat Rye Turnip Rape Tall Fescue Hay 1 Tall Fescue Hay Turnip + TF Hay Turnip + TF Stockpile Rape + TF Hay Rape + TF Stockpile Turnip + Alfalfa Hay Alfalfa Hay (fair) DM Intake (kg day -1 ) 23.28 15.70 16.02 17.04 16.15 15.67 28.12 23.85 20.39 19.01 19.98 18.67 19.06 23.39 Cost ($ Cow -1 ) 67.44 45.90 71.28 40.95 34.19 51.57 87.72 74.56 53.24 47.58 64.16 57.77 72.04 129.72 Relative Cost (%) 100 68 106 61 51 76 130 111 79 71 95 86 107 192 Source: G.J. Bishop-Hurley & R.L. Kallenbach, University of Missouri, 2000