2. BENTUK-BENTUK LAPORAN KEUANGAN Pertemuan 3 Murniadi Purboatmodjo BENTUK-BENTUK LAPORAN KEUANGAN Pertemuan 3 Murniadi Purboatmodjo Matakuliah: F0282 - Analisis Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan Tahun: 2009

3. 3 BAB III Bentuk-bentuk laporan keuangan Income statements Income statements Statement of stockholders’ equity Statement of stockholders’ equity Balance sheets Balance sheets Statement of cash flows Statement of cash flows Notes Notes Mari kita review mengenai Income Statement dan Balance sheet, yang merupakan dasar dalam menganalisa suatu Laporan Keuangan

4. 4 1. INCOME STATEMENT  a summary of revenues and expenses and gains and losses, ending with net income  For particular period of time : For the Year Ended...  Multiple-step format, presented separately of : Gross profit Gross profit Operating income Operating income Income before taxes Income before taxes Net income Net income  Single-step format, determining the net income by deducting total expenses and losses deducting total expenses and losses from the total revenues and gains from the total revenues and gains

5. 5 Basic Elements of the Income Statement  Net Sales (Revenues)  Cost of Goods Sold  Other Operating Revenue  Operating Expenses  Other Income or Expense

6. 6 Net Sales  Revenue from the sale of principal goods or services sold to customers  Shown net of Discounts Discounts Returns Returns Allowances Allowances

7. 7 Cost of Goods Sold  The cost of goods that were sold to produce revenue Retailer Manufacturer o o Beginning Inventory Beginning Inventory o o +Purchases + Cost of goods sold Manufactured o o –Ending Inventory - Ending Inventory o o =Cost of Goods Sold = Cost of Goods sold o A service firm will not have COGS or cost of sales  it will often have cost of service

8. 8 Other Operating Revenue  Reflects the nature of the business  Depending on the operations of the business,  Examples Lease revenue Lease revenue Royalty revenue Royalty revenue Finance charges Finance charges Commission revenue Commission revenue

9. 9 Operating Expenses Consist of 2 types :  Selling expenses Result from the company’s effort to create sales Result from the company’s effort to create sales Examples Examples  Advertising  Sales commissions  Sales supplies used  Administrative expenses Relate to the general administration of the company’s operation Examples Examples  Salaries  Insurance  Bad debt expense

10. 10 Other Income or Expense  Secondary activities not directly related to operations o Dividend income o Interest income o Gains (losses) from sale of assets o Interest expense

11. 11 Reconciliation of Retained Earnings Reported as part of the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity or combined with the income Statement Beginning of year balance of retained earnings Beginning of year balance of retained earnings +Prior period adjustments ±Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle =Beginning balance as adjusted +Net income –Dividends =End-of-year balance of retained earnings

12. 12 2. The Balance Sheet Balance Sheet (BS)  “Statement of Financial Position”  Consist of : {ASSETS = LIABILITIES + STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY} EQUITY}  Dated as of a specific date  Format o Account o Report

13. 13 Assets Probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events - -Current Assets  those assets (1) in the form of cash (cash, deposit), (2) that will normally be realized in cash, or (3) that conserves the use of cash during the operating cycle of a firm or for 1 year, whichever is larger - - Long-Term Assets (Non Current Assets)  those assets that do not qualify as current and take longer than 1 year to be converted to cash or to conserve cash in long run 2 Types: Physical Nature/Tangible  land, building, etc Intangible  trademarks, patents

14. 14  Cash and assets that will be converted into cash during the operating cycle or within a year, whichever is longer  Presented in order of liquidity CASH MARKETABLE SECURITIES ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES INVENTORYPREPAIDS OTHER CA Current Assets

15. 15 Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Tangible Tangible : Physical facilities used in the operations of the business Consist of :  Land  Buildings  Machinery  Constraction in progress  Accumulated Depreciation : Depreciation  the process of allocating the cost of buildings/machinery over the periods of benefit (depreciable life)

16. 16 Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Tangible (cont’ d)  Leases : -Capital Lease -Capital Lease  Investment: - Debt or equity securities - Debt or equity securities - Debt classification - Debt classification - Equity Securities - Equity Securities

17. 17 Long-Term Assets: Intangibles Intangibles : non-physical assets  recorded at historical cost,  generally amortized over their useful lives or their legal lives; whichever is shorter (< 40 years) Consist of : o Goodwill o Patents o Trademarks o Franchises o Copyrights

18. 18 Probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a particular entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the futures as a result of past transactions or events – Current Liabilities (CL) – Long-Term Liabilities (LTL) Liabilities

19. 19 Current Liabilities Obligations whose liquidation is reasonably expected to Require the use of Existing current assets Existing current assets Creation of other current liabilities Creation of other current liabilities Within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer This includes : - Payables - Unearned Income - Other Current Liabilities

20. 20 Long-Term Liabilities Due in a period beyond one year or operating cycle Related to Financing arrangements Financing arrangements Operational obligations (includes obligations arising from the operation of a business, mostly of a service nature) Operational obligations (includes obligations arising from the operation of a business, mostly of a service nature)

21. 21 The residual ownership interest in the assets of an entity that remains after deducting its liabilities – Paid-in Capital – Retained Earnings Stockholders’ Equity

22. 22 LATIHAN SOAL: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND REPORTING-GIBSON P3-4 dan/P4-11