1. The Basics of Grammar Mini-Unit

2. What is a A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete
thought.

3. There are four kinds of sentences…
1. Declarative sentence- a sentence that
makes a statement. It ends with a period.
Ex: David and Chris will go to the mall on
Saturday to purchase new hats.
2. Interrogative sentence: A sentence that
asks a question. It ends with a question
mark.
Ex: Did you study for your final exam?

4. 3. Imperative sentence- a sentence that
gives a command or makes a request. It
ends with a period.
Ex: Be quiet during the quiz so that
others can focus.
4. Exclamatory sentence- a sentence
that expresses strong feeling. It ends
with an exclamation mark.
Ex: Watch out for the shark in the water!

5. 1. Which of these is a declarative sentence. a
1. Which of these is a declarative sentence? a. Will you go to the store with me? b. Wow, you did a great job! c. I am a student at Rush Strong School.

6. 2. Which of these is an interrogative sentence? a. You won the prize! b. Can you play basketball? c. He has blonde hair and blue eyes.

7. 3. Which of these is an exclamatory sentence. a
3. Which of these is an exclamatory sentence? a. You are a third grade student. b. What a beautiful day! c. What is your address?

8. Subjects and Predicates!
Every COMPLETE sentence has a subject and a predicate!
Subject = tells who or what the sentence is about (NOUN)
Predicate= tells something about the subject (VERB)
what the subject does, has, is, feels, etc.
Let’s watch a video to help us remember the
definitions for subjects and predicates (vimeo.com)

9. Simple vs. Complete Subjects
Definition: the main word or word group that tells the who or what
Example: This book on animals will provide information for my report.
Definition: ALL the words that tell the
who or what

10. Simple vs. Complete Predicates
Definition: is the main word or group of words that tells something about the subject.
Example: Sam goes to the movies every weekend.
Definition: consists of a verb and ALL the words that modify the verb and complete its meaning.
Example: Sam goes to the movies every weekend.

11. Let’s Practice! (Subjects /Predicates)
Underline the complete subject, then circle the
simple subject
His broken leg will heal in three months.
2. All of the townspeople ran from the burning building.
Underline the complete predicate, then circle the
simple predicate
The farmers are plowing the field.
2. The stern judge ruled that the defendant was not guilty.

12. Now for….
THE 8 PARTS OF
SPEECH!

13. NOUN – word or word group that names a person, place, thing, or idea
COMMON NOUN names any person, place, thing or idea & generally not capitalized
team
book
city
monument
PROPER NOUN names particular person, place, thing or idea & is capitalized
Wildcats
The Hunger Games
Atlanta
Eiffel Tower

14. NOUN
CONCRETE NOUN names noun that can be perceived by 1 or more of senses
photograph
music
sandpaper
rose
chocolate
ABSTRACT NOUN names idea, feeling, quality or characteristic
love
freedom
wisdom
beauty
Buddhism

15. NOUN COLLECTIVE NOUN names a group Group of students: class
Group of relatives: family
Group of cows: herd
Group of musicians: band
Group of players: team

16. VERB – expresses action or a state of being
ACTION VERB expresses either physical or mental activity
Gloria plays volleyball. (physical action)
She thought about the problem. (mental action)

17. VERBS
LINKING VERB expresses a state of being & connects or links the subject to word that identifies or describes the subject
Emma Stone is an actress.
The students remained quiet.
The Verb Be is the most common:
am is are was were be being been
Other linking verbs:
appear seem become feel grow look remain smell sound stay taste turn

18. PRONOUN- word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns; word that pronoun stands for is called its antecedent
PERSONAL PRONOUN refers to the one speaking(1st person), one spoken to(2nd person) or the one spoken about (3rd person)
Singular Plural
1st person I, me, my, mine we, us, our, ours
2nd person you, your, yours you, your, yours
3rd person he, him, his, she, they, them, their,
her, hers, it, its theirs

19. ADJECTIVE - word used to modify a noun or pronoun to describe the word or make its meaning more definite
Adjectives tell
What kind? busy dentist, braided hair, Korean child
Which one? seventh grade, this country, any book
How much or how many? several days, five dollars
Adjectives sometimes come after the word they modify:
A woman, kind and helpful, gave us directions.

20. ADJECTIVES Most commonly used adjectives are articles: a an the
PROPER ADJECTIVE is formed from a proper noun
Africa African continent
England English tea
Switzerland Swiss chocolate

21. ADVERB – modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb making the meaning more definite
ADVERBS answer the following questions:
Where? Away, here, inside, there, up
When? Later, now, soon, then, tomorrow
How? Clearly, easily, quietly, slowly
How often or how long? Always, usually, never
To what extent or how much? Almost, so, too
Adverbs may come before, after or between the words they modify

22. PREPOSITION – shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word
The cat walked through the door.
The cat walked toward the door.
The cat walked past the door.
See p. 58 for commonly used prepositions

23. The books in my new bag are heavy.
A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE includes a preposition, noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition & any modifiers of that object
PREP MODIFIERS OBJ
The books in my new bag are heavy.
PREP MODIFIERS OBJ
It happened during the last game.

24. CONJUNCTION – joins words or word groups
Coordinating Conjunctions join words used in same way
For And Nor But Or Yet So
Correlative Conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that join words used in same way
both and either or neither nor
not only but also whether Or
Subordinating Conjunctions introduce an adverb clause

25. INTERJECTION – word that expresses emotion
Usually an interjection is followed by an exclamation point
Ow! That hurts.
Goodness! What happened to your hair?
Yeah! I know the answer.
Sometimes an interjection is set off by a comma
Oh, I wish it were Friday.
Well, what have you been doing?