1. Chemical & Electrical Coordination Systems The Nervous System…….
Ch 36 Guide
“Life is in the eye of the beholder”

2. Evolution of the Nervous System

3. From brain Stem to Cerebrum

4. IB.What is the function of the nervous system?
To receive
information from
a sensory neuron
To process
info. by the
brain & spinal cord
To respond by an
effectors (muscle/gland)

5. Acupuncture:Stimulation of nerve centers

6. Alternative views

7. IA. The basic unit of the nervous system = neuron?
Dendrites receive stimuli
Nerve cell body
@ nucleus transmits the stimuli
Axon transmits the impulse to another dendrite

8. Axon ending: terminal bud
Transfers the electrical nerve impulse
By chemical neuron-transmitters
From one neuron to the next

9. IA2. Two connecting neurons:
Axon ending
Impulse direction
Dendrite of
new neuron
Axon
Cell Body

10. REVIEW………………. What is the name of the nerve cell ?
Does the stimulus travel one- way or down the neuron in two directions?
Which part receives the stimuli? (The synapse, dendrites, cell body, or axon)
Which is covered by a myelin sheath ?
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

11. IB2a.Sensory neurons or“receptors” receive a stimulus from:
eyes - sight
ears - hearing
nose - smell
skin - touch
mouth - taste

12. 2b. The Central Nervous System:
1) Spinal Cord
2) Brain
medulla for
breathing
cerebellum for
balance
cerebrum for
higher thinking bw

13. 2c. Effectors that do actions are the
Muscles =
voluntary use the somatic system
involuntary use autonomic
system
Glands =
endocrine organs
that make hormone messengers

14. Cerebral Cortex= higher thinking

15. The real thing

16. Parts of the Cerebrum

17. Cerebellum & “old brain” controls basic body functions

18. Right versus left Cerebrum

19. Infrared Tools to Study the brain . . . .

20. Schizophrenia & a normal brain scan

21. Any blow to the head does brain damage Example of amnesia & processing skills

22. D. What is a synapse ?
Junction of two neurons
Neurotransmitters convert the electrical impulse into a chemical message

23. E. The 2 types of nervous responses?
a. Voluntary that use
the brain &
spinal cord
b. Involuntary or
Autonomic System
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

24. The involuntary system: Autonomic basic body functions & reflex arcs

25. The Autonomic Nervous System

26. REVIEW: The Autonomic Nervous System...
Automatic
Two parts:
parasympathetic &
sympathetic
Which is “fight or flight response” ?
Which is ordinary involuntary body functions ?

27. E2. Involuntary Reflex Arcs . . . .
Use only spinal cord
Do not go to the brain
Follow the R-SIM pathway
Examples:
knee jerk, eye blink,
hot stove pull back

28. R-SIM Reflex arc pathway . . .
receptor neuron receives the stimuli S
sensory neuron passes the impulse on I
interneuron at the spinal cord processes M
motor neuron acts

29. Is Pain part of the Reflex Arc ???

30. The five types of receptors
Are highly specialized
Receive only one type of stimuli
Can be “overloaded” when over stimulated

32. Sensory Laboratory. . . . . . . . . PURPOSE:
Map the distance between touch receptors
Measure the extent of peripheral vision
Determine the effects of cone saturation
Map the taste receptors
Measure reflex timing

34. Map of Taste Receptors . . . . B w

35. References:
World Book Encyclopedia ‘99 software for hand out illustrations. IBM Software Corp.
Encarta Encyclopedia ‘99 for multimedia slide presentations. Microsoft Corp.