1. Ch.9.1
Active Biology Unit

3. Hydra Clips

4. Planarian

5. Planarian Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0QzSYQGsnA

6. Earthworm

7. Earthworm Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFpblBf1dfE

8. Hermit Crab

9. Hermit Crab Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaU5etPejZA

10. Frog

11. Frog Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXqK5QulbJ8

12. Biosphere
Biosphere = the area on earth where living organisms can be found.
These are the levels of organization:
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome

13. Ecosystems Organism = a single member of a species
Population = many members of a species living together in one area
Community = groups of different species living together in one area

14. Ecosystems
An ecosystem is the community plus all the different physical aspects of the habitat. This includes:
Abiotic (nonliving) factors such as rocks, water, weather and soil.
Biotic (living) factors, which are all the living organisms like plants, animals and bacteria.
Biodiversity describes the number of species found within an ecosystem.

15. Desert

16. Organism: California Quail

17. Population: Several California Quail

18. Community: Quail, Hare & Coyote

19. Ecosystem: Biotic + Abiotic Factors

20. Extinction
One last term in natural selection is extinction (when a species disappears permanently).
Most extinctions are caused by natural disasters, and/or humans.

23. Grizzly bear still alive and found in different parts of world.
Ursus horribilus
California Grizzly
Ursus californicus
Last one shot in 1922.

24. Keystone Species

25. Flow of Energy
Autotrophs, or Producers, are organisms who get their energy from non-living sources.
Heterotrophs, or Consumers, are organisms who get their energy from other living, or once-living resources.

26. Flow of Energy
Chemosynthesis = a process where an organism uses chemicals to make carbohydrates.
Example: CO2, H2O, H2S, O2 → Sugar Compounds

27. Food Chains & Food Webs
Food Chains show a sequence that links species by feeding relationships.
Food Webs show complex networks of feeding relationships.

28. Herbivores only eat plants

29. Carnivores only eat animals

30. Omnivores eat plants & animals

31. Detritivores eat dead organic matter

32. Scavengers?
-Scavengers, such as vultures, are considered detritivores.

33. Decomposers break down organic matter

34. Trophic Levels: → Quaternary Consumer → Tertiary Consumer
(nourishment or food levels)
→ Quaternary Consumer
→ Tertiary Consumer
→ Secondary Consumer
→ Primary Consumer
→ Producer

35. → 6 Kilocalories → 60 Kilocalories → 600 Kilocalories
Energy Pyramids show transfer of energy in an ecosystem.
→ 6 Kilocalories
→ 60 Kilocalories
→ 600 Kilocalories
→ 6000 Kilocalories

36. Changing Population Sizes
Rodent plague in South Australia

37. Changing Ecosystems
Succession = the gradual and sequential replacement of populations in an area.
Pioneer species = first species to colonize a new habitat.
Seral community = communities that come after pioneer species that gradually replace each other.
Climax community = community that remain stable as long as there is no disturbance.

38. Primary Succession = from nothing to life
(can take a really long time)
ecosystems/ecology.html

39. Secondary Succession = from disruption back to life
(doesn’t take as long)
ecosystems/ecology.htm

40. www.kidscosmos.org/ kid-stuff/kids-volcanoes-s...