1. Interactions and Relationships in an Ecosystem How Energy Flows

2. Nutritional Relationships Involve the transfer of nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem

3. AUTOTROPHS Organisms that can make organic molecules (food) from inorganic molecules (using sun—usually) Aka producers Can be photosynthetic (sun) or chemosynthetic (chemicals in ocean vents)

4. HETEROTROPHS Cannot make organic molecules (food) Aka consumers Five types  Herbivores  Carnivores  Omnivores  Scavengers  Decomposers

5. HETEROTROPHS cont. Types of heterotrophs Herbivores  Only eat producers  Aka primary (1 st level) consumer Carnivores  Only eat other animals  Aka secondary or tertiary (2 nd or 3 rd level) consumer

6. HETEROTROPHS cont. Types of heterotrophs Omnivores  Eat anything  Can be 1 st, 2 nd or 3 rd level consumer Scavengers  Eat only other animals after they are already killed  Usually 2 nd or 3 rd level consumer

7. HETEROTROPHS cont. Decomposers  Live on dead matter  Aka saprophytes  Include plants, fungi and bacteria

8. Stop and Jot STOP-AND JOT: How do you get your energy? Finish the sentence below: I am a ______________________________ ______________________________

9. Keystone Quiz The red wolf is an endangered species in the southeastern part of the United States. These animals are carnivores and eat deer, rodents, and small mammals. Which change in the environment would most likely threaten the population of red wolves? A. Release of a large number of deer into the wolf range B. Extensive loss of habitat due to deforestation C. An abnormally wet summer D. An abnormally warm fall

10. Food Chains Food Chain: shows the pathway of energy from one organism to the next in a direct line Always starts with producers

11. Autotroph  herbivore  carnivores Algae  krill  cod  leopard seal Arrow goes into the mouth! (you put your food into your mouth) STOP-AND JOT: write underneath each organism what it eats. Then write if it is a producer, herbivore, omnivore or carnivore

12. 1 st trophic level 2 nd trophic level 3 rd trophic level 4 th trophic level 5 th trophic level

13. Stop and Jot STOP-AND-JOT: write underneath each organism what trophic level (number) it “sits in”. Then write what type/level of producer or consumer it is. (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary and producer or consumer)

14. Food Web Shows the interactions and interconnections among the different food chains of a community Shows more than one energy pathway

15. Stop and Jot What are some differences between a food chain and a food web?

16. Stop and Jot:Here is another example of a food web. Label each organism using the following abbreviations: Producer (P); Herbivore (H); Omnivore (O); Carnivore (C)

18. Keystone Quiz Food webs and food chains are two different ways that ecologists illustrate the interrelatedness of organisms in an ecosystem. What is the relationship between a food web and food chain? A. Food chains are only used to illustrate organisms that consume only one kind of organism rather than multiple kinds of organisms, as illustrated in a food web. B. Food webs illustrate all the organisms in an ecosystem dependent on one food chain. C. Food chains illustrate only one tropic level of a food web. D. Food webs illustrate multiple interrelated food chains.

19. Energy Pyramids At each step of the food web/chain, energy is transferred to the next higher level Sun  plant  rabbit  snake  hawk This energy transfer is NOT EFFICIENT 10% Only 10% of the energy passed to the next generation is usable; most energy is lost maintaining homeostasis and as heat The amount of usable energy decreases at each higher feeding level

24. Keystone Review Quiz 1.All living organisms use energy. They also grow and reproduce. What is another characteristic of all living organisms? A.All living organisms consist of many cells with specialized organelles B.All living organisms are complsed of one or more cells. C.All living organisms must consume food in order to acquire nutrition. D.All living organisms can produce glucose through photosynthesis

25. Keystone Review Quiz 2. A(n)________is a tentative, testable statement about the natural world that is capable of being supported or refuted by scientific evidence, whereas a(n) _________ is a well-established and highly-reliable explanation of a natural phenomenon. A.theory; hypothesis B.Opinion; theory C.Hypothesis; theory D.Hypothesis; opinion