1. Forging new generations of engineers
Forging new generations of engineers

2. Principles & Elements of Design
Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Principles & Elements of Design
Common Changes to Unit:
Revised lessons include Essential Questions that all students should be able to answer as a result of the lesson and completing the related activities. The Essential questions are related directly to the concepts and standards. The Key Terms are linked to Glossary and provide teacher and students with a ready source of information related to the lesson and activities.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

3. Visual Design Elements
Six integral components in the creation of a design:
Space
Texture
Value
Line
Color
Form/Shape

4. Line
Types
Vertical- Represents dignity, formality, stability and strength.
Horizontal- Represents calm, peace and relaxation.
Diagonal- Represents action, activity, excitement and movement.
Curved- Represents freedom, the natural, having the appearance of softness and creates a soothing feeling or mood.

5. Vertical Lines

6. Horizontal Lines

7. Diagonal Lines

8. Curved Lines

9. and profound effect on a design.
Color
Color has an immediate
and profound effect on a design.
Types
Warm Colors
Reds, oranges, yellows
Cool Colors
Blues, purples, greens
Colors can affect how humans feel and act.

10. Color

11. The shape, outline, or configuration of anything.
Form and Shape
The shape, outline, or configuration of anything.
Examples
Squares
Circles
Ellipses
Ovals
Rectangles
Triangles

12. Form and Shape

13. Space By incorporating the use of space
in your design, you can enlarge or reduce the visual space.
Types
Open, uncluttered spaces
Cramped, busy
Unused vs. good use of space

14. The surface look or feel of something.
Texture
The surface look or feel of something.
Types
Smooth surface
Reflects more light and, therefore, is a more intense color.
Rough surface
Absorbs more light and, therefore, appears darker.

15. Smooth Texture

16. Rough Texture

17. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Value
The relative lightness or darkness of a color.
Methods
Shade
Degree of darkness of a color
Tint
A pale or faint variation of a color
Add black to get a shade. Add white to get a tint.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

18. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Visual Design Principles
There are five principles that encompass an interesting design.
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Proportion and scale
Unity
There are many different lists of design principles used by various occupational areas.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

19. Balance
Parts of the design are equally distributed to create a sense of stability.
There can be physical as well as visual balance.
Types
Symmetrical or Formal Balance
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Radial Balance
Vertical Balance
Horizontal Balance

20. Balance Symmetrical or Formal Balance The elements within the design are identical in relation to a centerline or axis.

21. Balance Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Parts of the design are not identical but are equal in visual weight.

22. Balance Radial Balance
Design Elements radiate
outward from the center.

23. Balance Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.

24. Balance Horizontal Balance
The left and right
parts are equal.

25. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm
Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture or pattern.
Types
Regular rhythm
Graduated rhythm
Random rhythm
Gradated rhythm
This principle is sometimes referred to as repetition.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

26. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm Regular Rhythm A element is repeated at the same repetition each time.
Flagpoles, windows on buildings, stripes on awning, lights that illuminate awning all represent regular rhythm.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

27. Rhythm Graduated Rhythm The beats of the element become closer or further apart as they move.

28. Rhythm Random Rhythm The beats of the element are random
or are at irregular intervals.

29. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm Gradated Rhythm The repeated element is identical with the exception of one detail increasing or decreasing gradually with each repetition.
The shelves get smaller and smaller.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

30. Emphasis Points of attention in a design.
The feature in a design that attracts one’s eye.
The focal point.
Emphasis can be achieved through size, placement, color and use of lines.
The most personal aspect of a design.

31. Proportion and Scale
Comparative relationships between elements in a design with respect to size.
3:5 ratio is known as the Golden Mean.
Scale
The proportions or size of one part of the image in relationship to the other.

32. Unity
Unity is applying consistent use of lines, color, and texture within a design.
To be harmonious.

33. Unity