1. Embedding Quotations AP English Language/Literature Kortman Adapted by J. Krajeck (2007) w/thanks to Dr. C. Butler, Sandy Valley H.S.

2. Dont … Strand Quotations! S.Q.s are quotations with NO home….NEVER begin a paragraph with a quotation that has no speaker or interpreted meaning from YOU [as the writer] Stranded quotations are the proverbial fishes out of water. Also called Island Quotations.

3. Paraphrase or Summarize If the sentence is not quotation-worthy, then use a paraphrase or summary type sentence, e.g., George said that he would never talk to his sister again. (It is not necessary for the audience to know Georges exact words, only that he will not be talking to his sister…thus, Georges words are not quotation- worthy.)

4. He/ She said Simple sentence tag (Use of author/character name is preferred: Hawthorne implies…) He said, There is a full moon tonight. Comma before quote Capitalize first word Period before end quote Use more precise terms for says: believes, maintains, suggests, implies (This is typical dialogue style and does NOT offer the so what analysis.)

5. Embedded sentence,Type I George said that no one could compare with the great LeBron James. No comma before quote No cap for first word of quote No quotes if you change the line completely: He said that he wanted to go first. (However, notice that this type of sentence does NOT offer the so what feature.)

6. Embedded Sentence, Type II The fact that Elizabeth wanted a gown more beautiful than anyone elses shows how vain she is. The line Look upon my works, ye mighty, and despair captures the arrogance of the ruler. * Now THESE embedded sentences offer the so what feature. Identify the so what in each.

7. Divided You are, she said reluctantly, the best pitcher we have seen yet. Comma before end quote Comma before second half of quote No cap for second half

8. Speaker Details John Smith, the author of Chocolate Rules, believes, Nothing can take the place of the simple M&M candy. Appositive Comma on either side of appositive

9. Intro summary (Colon) Frost repeats the last line to convey a sense of weariness: And I have miles to go before I sleep. / And I have miles to go before I sleep. Full sentence before the colon that summarizes idea of quote Full sentence for quote / means a line break for a poem

10. List of words Vile, gritty, torn, and shabby all suggest the deterioration of the world Winston lives in. Quotes for each word Commas before the end quotes

11. Embedded Phrases Winston needed to show a face of quiet optimism to conceal his desire for revolution. No commas No capitalization