1. Protection, Support & Locomotion Systems
Ch 34 Guide &
Intro to Coordination Systems

2. COORDINATION SYSTEMS Systems that Physically and Chemically coordinate the body:
SKIN
SUPPORT
MUSCULATURE
Chemical:
NERVOUS
ENDOCRINE

3. SYSTEMS: Multiple organs working together to serve a body function
Tissues: cells working together to do a simple function
Organs: tissues working together to do a complex function
Cells: smallest basic units
Respiratory system

4. Systems are made of: Organs, Tissues, Cells,& connective tissues
Tissues include:
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Muscle tissue
c. Connecting tissue
1) Cartilage
2) Tendons
3) Ligaments
Smoker’s Lung Tissue

5. The Skin: 1. Structure……….
a. Epidermis made of
epithelial cells
b. Dermis with
sweat glands
hair follicles
oil glands
capillaries
nerve cells

6. A. The Skin..……….. the largest organ in the body
2. Function:
protection
temperature control
sensory
integrity of the body
secretions from glands
produces Vitamin D

7. Support Systems may be:
Exoskeleton:
Endoskeleton:
Internal set of bones
Hard outer covering

8. Exoskeletons Hard outer covering made of chitin or shell examples:
lobster, snail, squid
Does the starfish have and exoskeleton ?

9. No !.. An Endoskeleton: Made of 1). cartilage or 2). bone Covered by
muscles
skin
Examples: starfish, shark, mammals.

10. B1. Human Endoskeleton made of
Axial: skull, backbone, ribs, sternum
Appendicular: arms, legs, shoulders, hips,wrists, ankles
Boo !

11. Endoskeletons also have…….
1c. Ligaments that hold bone to bone
1d. Tendons that hold muscle to bone, “muscle tenders”
1e. Joints where 2 bones come together

12. Types of Joints

13. Joint Damage: Arthritis

14. B2. Bone Formation:

15. Bone Deformation: Lack of Vitamin D
“Bow-legged”

16. B3. The Support System Functions:
Protection of organs
Movement
Stores calcium & potassium
Produces RBC (marrow)
Supports

17. C1.Three types of Muscle:
A. Smooth: involuntary control of internal organs for digestion, & blood vessels
B. Cardiac: involuntary control of the heart
C. Skeletal: Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles for movement

18. The Musculature System……..
2. Structure:
Voluntary Muscles
Striated-Skeletal
Involuntary Muscles
Cardiac- Heart
Smooth-Stomach
Striated Skeletal
Several nuclei
Box shaped, many mitochondria

19. Cardiac Muscle: Fewer Striations Fewer Mitochondria Large nuclei
Lattice work of spaces between some cells
Still square shape
One nuclei per cell

20. Smooth Muscle: Eye shaped One nuclei per cell No lattice work
No striations
Long & drawn out
Fewer Mitochondria

21. How Do Muscles Contract?
Muscle bundles work in opposite pairs:
Contracting & Relaxing
(biceps & triceps in the arms)

22. 4a. Sliding Filament Theory of MuscleContraction:
Relaxed Muscle
Muscles are made of
Bundles
Of fibers with
Smaller subunits of myofibrils
Myofibrils are made of
Actin & Myosin chemcials
require ATP energy
To slide past each other
Actin
Myosin
Contracted Muscle

23. C6. Musculature System Function:
Movement
Stores Protein
Maintains Body Shape