1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION

2. What is ATP? ATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate
Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates
Phosphate
Adenine
Ribose
Triphosphate
ADENOSINE

3. Why ATP?
Phosphates have a large amount of chemical energy. Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is broken, a large amount of usable cellular energy is released. P P P
ADENOSINE
ENERGY P P P
ADENOSINE

4. ATP CYCLE + Occurs continuously in cells
About 10 million new ATP molecules are made in every cell every second!!!
2. Releasing Energy Energy released by breaking bonds – used to power cells
Stored Energy Energy stored in chemical bonds.
4. Making ATP
Energy released by other chemical reactions and processes can be used to bond a phosphate to ADP to make ATP
3. Energy Depleted ADP has less chemical energy than ATP
ADP + P

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Series of complex chemical processes that convert light energy into carbohydrates
Overall Equation light + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2
Occurs in Chloroplasts
Two types of reactions – Light Dependent Light Independent (aka. Calvin Cycle, Dark rxn)

6. Photosynthesis Overview
Fill in the picture on the top left of notes as animation plays

7. FOCUS On . . Light dependent reaction Occurs in thylakoid membrane
Photolysis of H2O Light + 2H2O 4H+ + O2
Make NADPH & ATP

8. FOCUS On . . Light Independent Reaction – CALVIN CYCLE
Occurs in Stroma of Chloroplast
Use of CO2 to create Glucose (C6H12O6)
Use of ATP & NADPH from Light reactions
ATP for energy to power chemical reactions
NADPH – hydrogen source to add to CO2 to make sugars
Must cycle through 6 times in order to create one glucose molecule

9. Falcon Five 10/20 – Test your photosynthetic knowledge:
The Calvin Cycle includes a. Light dependent rxns b. electron transport chain c. light independent rxns
The Calvin Cycle takes place in the a. mitochondria b. stroma c. nucleus d. thylakoid membrane
What product of the light dependent rxn is used in the Calvin Cycle a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. NADPH d. chlorophyll
What is used in the first step of the Calvin Cycle a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d. water
How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to form one glucose molecule? a. one b. six c. two d. three
Describe the two energy storing steps of photosynthesis.

10. Cellular Respiration
Where does the Glucose (C6H12O6) & O2 from photosynthesis go?
Used by both plant & animal cells to create ATP!!!
Releases energy
Makes cell energy
Close to the reverse of photosynthesis !
Cellular Respiration Equation
O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

11. Cellular Respiration 3 step process Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

12. Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP Glucose 2 - Pyruvate
2 - PGAL
2 NAD
2 NADH
Occurs in Cytoplasm of cell
Anaerobic process (no O2 required)
Net production of 2 ATP (make 4 but use 2)
Releases only 2% of chemical energy that is stored in Glucose

13. Step 2: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Occurs in Mitochondria Matrix
Requires presence of O2
2 Pyruvate from Glycolysis transformed into Acetyl CoA & enters cycle
Net production of:
2 ATP
2 FADH
6 NADH

14. Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain
Remaining energy of glucose in electrons carried by NADH & FADH
NADH & FADH enter electron transport chain in mitochondria cristae
Produce 32 more ATP
From Alteration of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
From Krebs Cycle

15. Summary of Cellular Respiration
CO2
In Cristae
In Matrix
H2O 32 2 2

16. What if there is not enough or no O2 present?
Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast)
Pyruvate + NADH → Ethanol + NAD + CO2
Used in baking, beer & wine production
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD
Strenuous exercise = can’t get all the O2 your cells need so use lactic acid fermentation = Sore muscles!!!